Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which of the following occurs at the initial baseline stage in an ABA design?

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Correct! ABA design: A single case experiment which involves an initial baseline stage of observation and measurement of behaviour without any intervention (A), followed by a treatment or manipulation stage where the experimental manipulation is introduced and its effect on behaviour observed and measured (B). Subsequently a final return-to-baseline stage is then introduced (A) in which behaviour is once more observed in the absence of the treatment or manipulation.Incorrect.
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2) Aetiology is a term:

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Correct! Aetiology: A term widely used in psychopathology to describe the causes or origins of psychological symptoms.Incorrect.
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3) Analogue research involves:

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Correct! Analogue Research: Undertaking research on healthy, non-clinical populations in order to shed light on the aetiology of psychopathology.Incorrect.
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4) Animal models allow research into which of the following?

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Correct! Animal models: The use of laboratory animals used in research to simulate processes comparable to those that occur in humans.Incorrect.
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5) An applied scientist is:

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Correct! Applied scientist: Someone who is competent as both a researcher and a practitioner.Incorrect.
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6) Which of the following is true of a scientist-practitioner:

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Correct! Someone who is competent as both a researcher and a practitioner .Incorrect.
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7) A hypotheses is:

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Correct! Hypothesis: A tentative explanation for a phenomenon used as a basis for further investigation.Incorrect.
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8) Which of the following is an acronym for NICE?

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Correct! National Institute for Health & Clinical Excellence (NICE): An independent UK organisation responsible for providing national guidance on promoting good health and preventing and treating ill health.Incorrect.
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9) Prediction refers to which of the following:

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Correct! Prediction: A statement (usually quantitative) about what will happen under specific conditions, as a logical consequence of scientific theories.Incorrect.
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10) SPSS is an acronym of the following?

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Correct! Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS): A computer program specifically developed for statistical analysis for the social sciences.Incorrect.
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11) Which of the following statements is true of the notion of statistical significance?

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Correct! Statistical Significance: The degree to which the outcome of a study is greater or smaller than would be expected by chance.Incorrect.
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12) If something is testable, it involves which of the following?

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Correct! Testable: A scientific explanation that is couched in such a way that it clearly suggests ways in which it can be tested and potentially falsified.Incorrect.
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13) Prevalence rates can be assessed by which of the following questions?

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Correct! Prevalence Rates: The representation of incidence by duration of a particular disorder.Incorrect.
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14) The outcome of what is being measured is termed:

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Correct! Dependent variable (DV): The outcome variable that is measured in an experiment.Incorrect.
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15) To avoid experimenter bias, when the experimenter nor the participant is aware of which group the participant is in, this is known as:

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Correct! Double-blind: An experimental procedure in which neither the experimenter nor the participant is aware of which experimental condition the participant is in.Incorrect.
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16) What is the name of an effect that occurs when an experimental group gets better simply because they are being giving a pill and this leads them to expect to get better?

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Correct! Placebo effect: The effect when a participant in a clinical trial shows improvement even though they are not being given an effective treatment.Incorrect.
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17) Natural experiments involve:

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Correct! Natural Experiments: Research which allows researchers to observe the effects on behaviour of a naturally occurring 'manipulation' (such as an earthquake).Incorrect.
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18) A case study can be used in which of the following circumstances?

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Correct! Case Study: An in-depth investigation of an individual subject.Incorrect.
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19) The external validity of an experiment means that:

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Correct! External validity: The extent to which the results of a study can be extrapolated to other situations.Incorrect.
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20) Which of the following describes a meta-analysis?

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Correct! Meta-analyses: Statistically accepted ways of assessing the strength of a particular finding across a number of different studies.Incorrect.
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21) In an experiment an effect size is:

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Correct! Effect Size: An objective and standardised measure of the magnitude of the effect observed in a research study.Incorrect.
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22) Quantitative methods enable one to:

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Correct! Quantitative methods: Research methods that place an important emphasis on accurate and valid measurement of behaviour and attempt to draw conclusions from their studies on the basis of statistical inference.Incorrect.
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23) Qualitative methods involved which of the following:

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Correct! Qualitative methods: Research methods that rely on the analysis of verbal reports rather than on statistical analyses of quantifiable data.Incorrect.
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24) Grounded theory is an approach to qualitative analysis. It involves which of the following:

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Correct! Grounded theory: An approach to qualitative analysis which involves identifying consistent categories or themes within the data, and then building on these to provide more abstract theoretical insights into the phenomenon being studied.Incorrect.
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25) During experimentation informed consent should include which of the following:

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Correct! Informed Consent: Detailed information about an experiment given to participants in order to enable them to make an informed decision about participation.Incorrect.
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26) In drug treatment studies, it may be necessary to use deception. This may involve:

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Correct! Deception: The act of deceiving.Incorrect.
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27) Those with more complex psychopathologies are likely to be excluded from treatment outcome studies and so denied access to the treatment programme associated with the study. This is referred to as:

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Correct! Narrow inclusion criteria: The use in psychopathology research only of individuals with a very specific diagnosis.Incorrect.
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28) In psychological research, the term privacy refers to which of the following options:

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Correct! Privacy: The right of participants to decide not to provide some forms of information to the researcher if they so wish (e.g. their age or sexual orientation).Incorrect.
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29) In psychological research the term confidentiality refers to which of the following options:

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Correct! Confidentiality: The right of participants in psychological research to expect that information they provide will be treated confidentially.Incorrect.
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30) Which of the following would occur in a longitudinal study:

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Correct! Longitudinal Studies: Research which takes measures from the same participants at two or more different times in order to specify the time-relationships between variables.Incorrect.
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