Multiple Choice Questions

1) What is a defence mechanism?:

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Correct! Defence Mechanisms: In psychoanalysis, the means by which individuals attempt to control conflict between the id, ego and superego, and also reduce stress and conflict from external events.Incorrect.
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2) What is the Id?:

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Correct! Id: In psychoanalysis, the concept used to describe innate instinctual needs - especially sexual needs.Incorrect.
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3) What is an Ego defence mechanism?:

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Correct! Ego defence mechanisms: Means by which the ego attempts to control unacceptable id impulses and reduce the anxiety that id impulses may arouse.Incorrect.
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4) One of the concepts of the humanistic-existential approach is:

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Correct! Unconditional Positive Regard: Valuing a client for who they are without judging them.Incorrect.
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5) An example of classical conditioning is:

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Correct! Classical Conditioning: The learning of an association between two stimuli, the first of which (the conditioned stimulus, CS) predicts the occurrence of the second (the unconditioned stimulus, UCS).Incorrect.
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6) Operant conditioning:

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Correct! Operant Conditioning: The learning of a specific behaviour or response because that behaviour has certain rewarding or punishing consequences.Incorrect.
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7) Which one of the following would a client centred therapist use?

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Correct! Client-Centred Therapy: An approach to psychopathology stressing the goodness of human nature, assuming that if individuals are unrestricted by fears and conflicts, they will develop into well-adjusted, happy individuals.Incorrect.
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8) The somatogenic hypothesis advocated that causes of psychological disorders were found in:

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Correct! Somatogenic Hypothesis: The hypothesis that the causes or explanations of psychological problems can be found in physical or biological impairmentsIncorrect.
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9) According to the psychoanalytic approach, an attempt to integrate values learned from parents and society is called?

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Correct! Superego: In psychoanalysis, a development from both the id and ego, and represents our attempts to integrate 'values' that we learn from our parents or society.Incorrect.
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10) Which of the following of Freud's ideas is still important to psychopathology today?

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Correct! Sigmund Freud: An Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology.Incorrect.
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11) Which of the following is not a treatment developed from classical conditioning principles?

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Correct! Token Economy: A reward system which involves participants receiving tokens for engaging in certain behaviours which at a later time, these tokens can then be exchanged for a variety of reinforcing or desired items.Incorrect.
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12) Which of the following is not an axis I disorder?

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Correct! Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A personality disorder which is characterised by 'eccentric' behaviour marked by odd patterns of thinking and communication.Incorrect.
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13) Which of the following is NOT a way of defining psychopathology?

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Correct! IQ (Intelligence Quotient) Tests: Intelligence tests used as a means of estimating intellectual ability .Incorrect.
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14) Which of the following is a problem associated with DSM IV?

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Correct! Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM): An American Psychiatric Association handbook for mental health professionals that lists different categories of mental disorders and the criteria for diagnosing them.Incorrect.
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15) Comorbidity explains the notion that:

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Correct! Comorbidity: The co-occurrence of two or more distinct disorders.Incorrect.
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16) Rather than occurring as discrete disorders, it is possible that psychopathology may represent symptoms of:

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Correct! Hybrid disorders: Disorders that contain elements of a number of different disorders.Incorrect.
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17) A GAF score of 21-30 may indicate:

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Correct! Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF): A scale that is used to assess adaptive functioning which acts as a measure of psychological health that can be contrasted with measures of psychopathology.Incorrect.
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18) Which of the following is NOT addressed by the medical model?

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Correct! Medical Model: An explanation psychopathology in terms of underlying biological or medical causes.Incorrect.
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19) Sigmund Freud was the pioneer of which of the following models of psychopathology?:

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Correct! Psychodynamic Approaches: Theories which assume that unconscious conflicts develop early in life, and part of the therapy is designed to identify life events that may have caused these unconscious conflicts.Incorrect.
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20) The acquisition of dog phobia can best be explained by the:

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Correct! Behavioural Model: An influential psychological model of psychopathology based on explaining behaviour.Incorrect.
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21) Which of the following is not used to define psychopathology?

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Correct! Psychopathology: The study of deviations from normal or everyday functioning.Incorrect.
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22) An example of a hybrid disorder is:

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Correct! Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder: A hybrid disorder exhibiting symptoms of both anxiety and depression.Incorrect.
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23) Which of the following were historical explanations of psychopathology?

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Correct! General Paresis: A brain disease occurring as a late consequence of syphilis, characterised by dementia, progressive muscular weakness, and paralysis.Incorrect.
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24) Which of the following is an example of repression?

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Correct! Repression: One of the most basic of the ego defence mechanisms according to psychodynamic theorists.Incorrect.
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25) Which one of these models of psychopathology would suggest that psychological disorders result from acquiring dysfunctional ways of thinking and acting?

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Correct! Cognitive Model: An influential psychological model of psychopathology.Incorrect.
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26) Psychoanalysis is an attempt to explain what?

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Correct! Psychoanalysis: An influential psychological model of psychopathology.Incorrect.
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27) Behaviour modification is an example of which of the following treatment methods:

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Correct! Behaviour Modification: A set of therapies based on the principles of operant conditioning.Incorrect.
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28) Psychological disorders were only added to the International List of Causes of Death (ICD) in 1939. This was done by:

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Correct! International List of Causes of Death (ICD): The international standard diagnostic classification developed by the World Health Organization (WHO).Incorrect.
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29) Individuals with mental health problems have become increasingly vocal about how psychopathology and those who suffer from it are labelled and perceived by others. Groups of individuals who are end users of the mental health services provided by, for example, government agencies such as the NHS are known as:

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Correct! Service User Groups: Groups of individuals who are end users of the mental health services provided by, for example, government agencies such as the NHS.Incorrect.
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30) Which of the following is an organisation dedicated to changing the way in which society views people with mental health problems?

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Correct! Mad Pride: An UK organisation dedicated to changing the way in which society views people with mental health problems.Incorrect.
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