Psychopathology

By Graham Davey

Series: BPS Textbooks in Psychology

Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which of the following is not an antidepressant drug?

	a)	Tricyclic antidepressants.
	b)	Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
	c)	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
	d)	Antinoamine tritase rehibitor (ATRs).
Correct! Antidepressant Drugs: Drug treatments intended to treat symptoms of depression and mood disorder.Incorrect.

2) Anxiolytic drugs are used to treat:

	a)	The symptoms of depression and mood disorder.
	b)	The symptoms of anxiety and stress.
	c)	The symptoms of psychosis and schizophrenia.
	d)	None of the above.
Correct! Anxiolytic Drugs: Drug treatments intended to treat symptoms of anxiety and stress.Incorrect.

3) What is a major side effect of Prozac?

	a)	Loss of sexual desire.
	b)	Loss of hair.
	c)	Weight loss.
	d)	Weight gain.
Correct! Fluoxetine (Prozac): A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which reduces the uptake of serotonin in the brain and is taken to treat depression.Incorrect.

4) antipsychotics do which of the following?

	a)	Alleviate Major positive symptoms (such as thought disorder and hallucinations).
	b)	Alleviate Major negative symptoms (such as social withdrawal).
	c)	Reducing the burden of institutional care.
	d)	All of the above.
Correct! Antipsychotic Drugs : Drug treatments intended to treat symptoms of psychosis and schizophrenia.Incorrect.

5) Beck's Cognitive therapy for depression requires the individual to:

	a)	Make an objective assessment of their beliefs.
	b)	Keep a dream diary.
	c)	Keep a mood diary.
	d)	Set attainable life goals.
Correct! Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): A form of counselling and psychological therapy with a focus on understanding how our thoughts effect our behaviour.Incorrect.

6) Behaviour analysis is based upon the principles of:

	a)	Classical conditioning.
	b)	Operant conditioning.
	c)	Dream analysis.
	d)	All of the above.
Correct! Behaviour Analysis: An approach to psychopathology based on the principles of operant conditioning.Incorrect.

7) Behaviour modification is a type of:

	a)	Behaviour therapy.
	b)	Cognitive behavioural therapy.
	c)	Humanistic therapy.
	d)	Client centred therapy.
Correct! Behaviour Modification: A set of therapies based on the principles of operant conditioning.Incorrect.

8) Drugs called Benzodiazepines are used to treat:

	a)	Depression.
	b)	Anxiety disorders.
	c)	Schizophrenia.
	d)	Mood disorders
Correct! Benzodiazipines: A group of anxiolytics which have their effect by increasing the level of the neurotransmitter GABA at synapses in the brain.Incorrect.

9) Client centred therapy is a type of:

	a)	Humanistic therapy.
	b)	Psychodynamic therapy.
	c)	Cognitive therapy.
	d)	Behavioural therapy.
Correct! Humanistic Therapies: Therapies that attempt to consider the 'whole' person and not just the symptoms of psychopathology.Incorrect.

10) Which of the following might be considered as the central tenets of Client-Centred Therapy:

	a)	Empathy.
	b)	Unconditional positive regard.
	c)	Congruence.
	d)	All of the above.
Correct! Client-Centred Therapy: An approach to psychopathology stressing the goodness of human nature, assuming that if individuals are unrestricted by fears and conflicts, they will develop into well-adjusted, happy individuals.Incorrect.

11) It is generally considered that Cognitive behavioural therapy changes:

	a)	Thought processes.
	b)	Behaviour.
	c)	Thoughts and behaviour.
	d)	Mood states.
Correct! Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT): An intervention for changing both thoughts and behaviour. CBT represents an umbrella term for many different therapies that share the common aim of changing both cognitions and behaviour.Incorrect.

12) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is generally perceived as:

	a)	Phenomenological.
	b)	Psychodynamic.
	c)	Humanistic.
	d)	Evidence-based.
Correct! Evidence-based: Treatments whose efficacy has been proven through research using the scientific method.Incorrect.

13) Which of the following is not a Behaviour Therapy technique?

	a)	Flooding.
	b)	Counter transference.
	c)	Counterconditioning.
	d)	Systematic desensitisation.
Correct! Behaviour Therapy: Therapies which are mainly based on the principles of classical and operant conditioning.Incorrect.

14) The principle of extinction assumes that emotional problems can be:

	a)	Unlearned.
	b)	Removed from your mental lexicon.
	c)	Derived from childhood experiences.
	d)	Become prehistoric.
Correct! Extinction: The classical conditioning principle which assumes that if emotional problems such as anxiety disorders were learned through classical conditioning, they could be 'unlearned' by disrupting the association between the anxiety provoking cues or situations and the threat or traumatic outcomes that they have become associated with.Incorrect.

15) Counterconditioning is an exposure therapy technique which involves:

	a)	Learning that one negative event may be linked to another.
	b)	Exposing the client to the feared stimulus.
	c)	Learning that an event or situation is no longer threatening.
	d)	Helping the client to see that their behaviour is counterproductive.
Correct! Counterconditioning: A behaviour therapy technique designed to use conditioning techniques to establish a response that is antagonistic to the psychopathology.Incorrect.

16) Contininual professional development (CPD) demonstrates that a therapist:

	a)	Relies on information from informal sources.
	b)	Regularly updates their knowledge of recent developments in treatment techniques.
	c)	Relies solely on research literature as a way of updating their therapeutic skills.
	d)	Attends all therapeutic conferences.
Correct! Continuing professional development (CPD): The demonstration by accredited therapists that they regularly update their knowledge of recent developments in treatment techniques.Incorrect.

17) Counselling is a profession that aims to:

	a)	Promote personal growth and productivity.
	b)	Provide a successful diagnosis in psychopathology.
	c)	Ensure that clients are on the correct medication.
	d)	Solely address behaviour.
Correct! Counselling: A profession that aims to both promote personal growth and productivity and to alleviate any personal problems that may reflect underlying psychopathology.Incorrect.

18) According to the psychodynamic view dream analysis is one of the central tenets of:

	a)	Psychoanalysis.
	b)	Cognitive behaviour therapy.
	c)	Humanistic therapy.
	d)	Client centred therapy.
Correct! Case Study: An in-depth investigation of an individual subject.Incorrect.

19) Empathy involves:

	a)	Feeling sorry for someone.
	b)	Putting others before yourself.
	c)	Putting yourself in someone else's shoes.
	d)	Putting yourself before others.
Correct! Empathy: An ability to understand and experience a client's own feelings and personal meanings, and a willingness to demonstrate unconditional positive regard for the client.Incorrect.

20) An encounter group:

	a)	Enables individuals to interact with others in a social setting.
	b)	Encourages team building.
	c)	Aids the therapist in diagnosis.
	d)	Encourages therapy and self-growth through disclosure and interaction.
Correct! Encounter Groups: Group therapy which encourages therapy and self-growth through disclosure and interaction.Incorrect.

21) Group therapy can be advantageous when an individual:

	a)	May need to work out their problems in the presence of others (e.g. in the case of emotional problems relating to relationships, feelings of isolation, loneliness and rejection).
	b)	May need comfort and support from others.
	c)	May acquire therapeutic benefit from observing and watching others.
	d)	All of the above.
Correct! Group Therapy: Therapy taken in the form of a group, usually when a group of individuals share similar problems or psychopathologies.Incorrect.

22) Which of the following possibilities makes email a useful adjunct to face to face sessions?

	a)	Monitor treatment from a distance.
	b)	Monitor behaviour daily.
	c)	Intervene in a crisis.
	d)	All of the above.
Correct! E-therapy: A treatment method which involves the use of email and Internet technology.Incorrect.

23) Family therapy is generally used to:

	a)	Improve communications between members of the family.
	b)	Resolve specific conflicts - for example between adolescents and their parents.
	c)	Attempts to understand the family as a social system.
	d)	All of the above.
Correct! Family Therapy: A form of intervention involving family members that is helpful as a means of dealing with psychopathology that may result from the relationship dynamics within the family.Incorrect.

24) Systems theory involves:

	a)	Uses computer based programs for therapy'
	b)	Attempts to understand the family as a social system.
	c)	Uses data analysis systems as a diagnostic tool.
	d)	Relies on self-report measures.
Correct! Systems Theory: Approaches that attempt to understand the family as a social system.Incorrect.

25) Faulty learning involves:

	a)	Acquiring psychological disorders through poor school attendance.
	b)	Acquiring psychological disorders through low self esteem.
	c)	Acquiring psychological disorders by exposure to aversive stimuli.
	d)	All of the above.
Correct! Faulty Learning: A view that the symptoms of psychological disorders were acquired through the learning of pathological responses.Incorrect.

26) Functional analysis is a therapy based on:

	a)	Classical conditioning.
	b)	Humanistic principles.
	c)	Operant conditioning.
	d)	Psychodynamic principles.
Correct! Functional Analysis: A systematic analysis of the consistencies between problematic behaviours and their consequences.Incorrect.

27) Token Economy is an influential intervention based upon:

	a)	Classical conditioning.
	b)	Implicit learning.
	c)	Operant conditioning.
	d)	Client centred therapy.
Correct! Token Economy: A reward system which involves participants receiving tokens for engaging in certain behaviours which at a later time, these tokens can then be exchanged for a variety of reinforcing or desired items.Incorrect.

28) When determining whether a treatment works because of the principles it contains it is known as:

	a)	Ecological validity.
	b)	Reliability.
	c)	Internal validity.
	d)	Internal consistency.
Correct! Internal Validity: Determining whether a treatment works because of the principles it contains.Incorrect.

29) Meta-analysis is often used to compare the effectiveness of studies that have used:

	a)	Different procedures.
	b)	Different numbers of participants.
	c)	Different types of control procedures.
	d)	All of the above.
Correct! Meta-analyses: Statistically accepted ways of assessing the strength of a particular finding across a number of different studies.Incorrect.

30) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective for the treatment of:

	a)	Schizophrenia.
	b)	Major depression.
	c)	Obsessive compulsive disorder.
	d)	Generalized anxiety disorder.
Correct! Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibitors: A group of antidepressant drugs which have their effects by increasing levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.Incorrect.

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