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1. Which of the following is true of emotion?

a) The measurement of emotion has been made difficult by the existence of a strong folk psychology of emotion.
b) In practice, it is not possible both to measure emotion and to make firm science-based statements about it.
c) Emotion as understood in everyday terms and as portrayed in fiction offers few insights.
d) There are no differences between a measurement-based science and an everyday folk psychology.

2. Which one of the following statements about behaviour and emotion do we know to be FALSE?

a) Emotion has behavioural aspects.
b) An angry conversation takes a different course from a calm conversation.
c) You can see emotional behaviour in the facial expressions of other people.
d) Emotion fails to prepare us for action.

3. Highlight the correct statement regarding implicit psychological theories:

a) A minority of people hold implicit psychological theories.
b) Implicit psychological theories are constructed from the findings of scientific studies.
c) An example of an implicit psychological theory is as follows: we might believe that it is important to express emotion, because if it is bottled up it will eventually break out in ways that could cause discomfort or even be injurious to health.
d) The study of ‘lay’ theories and how they map onto theories of academic or professional psychologists is still an insignificant aspect of psychology.

4. Read the following scenario: Your face is red during an angry conversation with your mother in which she criticized your new partner. Which of the following aspects of emotion are involved in this scenario?

a) Arousal, feeling, social, cognitive and behavioural
b) Arousal, feeling and social
c) Feeling, social, behavioural and value
d) Feeling
e) None of the above

5. Identify the INCORRECT statement from those given below, which relate to Hull and Skinner’s three main approaches when tackling emotion:

a) The procedures that demonstrate conditioned emotional responding involve a mixture of classical and instrumental conditioning.
b) Much of everyday life appears to be characterized by a mixture of instrumental and classical conditioning.
c) The frustration effect involves a decrease in behavioural vigour after experiencing non-reward.
d) A neutral stimulus that leads to a negative, unconditioned stimulus leads in turn to anxiety.

6. Schacter and Singer’s theory of emotion differs from the theories of James-Lange and Cannon-Bard. How does it differ?

a) Schacter and Singer’s theory of emotion includes development and arousal
b) Schacter and Singer’s theory of emotion includes the limbic system
c) Schacter and Singer’s theory includes cognition and arousal
d) Schacter and Singer’s theory has never been criticised
e) Schacter and Singer’s theory is more relevant to society today

7. Identify the correct statement from the below:

a) Emotions have no biological or evolutionary basis.
b) Emotions involve both the CNS and the ANS.
c) In the brain, only subcortical brain mechanisms are implicated in mediating emotion.
d) Sham rage is so called because a strong stimulus can cause a release of autonomic responses (such as sweating and increasing blood pressure) that are normally only elicited by weak stimuli.

8. Which of the following statements regarding Schachter is FALSE?

a) Schachter’s (1970) general conclusions from his research were that there is little physiological differentiation between the emotions, the labelling of emotional states being largely a cognitive matter.
b) Even though both Schachter’s ideas and his studies have been influential, they have also been criticized.
c) Critics have argued that Schachter proved that emotion depends on physiological arousal and cognition.
d) Leventhal (1974) has argued that Schachter has never shown exactly how arousal and cognition combine in emotion, particularly in children.

9. The role of cognitive appraisal in emotion considers which dimension(s) to be most important for evaluating a situation?

a) Attention
b) Certainty
c) Reward
d) Situational Control
e) (a), (b) and (d)

10. Identify the INCORRECT statement about cognition and emotion from those given below:

a) Lazarus believes that an event must be understood before emotion can follow.
b) Zajonc argues that cognition and emotion are independent, with emotion even preceding cognition in some cases.
c) Conscious thought is involved in all rapid emotional reactions.
d) The reflex system is primitive and very much centred on the ‘now’, whereas what might be termed ‘real’ emotion also involves the past and the future.

11. The facial feedback hypothesis suggests which of the following possibilities?

a) We smile because we are happy
b) We become sad because we smile
c) We become happy because we smile
d) We smile because we are sad
e) We smile because we think we are happy

12. Gender differences in emotion are most attributable to which factors:

a) Genetic
b) Socialization
c) Physiological
d) Non-verbal expressions
e) (a) and (b)

13. The five fundamental emotions include:

a) Anxiety, anger, sadness, disgust and fear
b) Anger, rage, happiness, joy and sympathy
c) Embarrassment, pride, shyness, shame and guilt
d) Joy, happiness, anger, anxiety, fear
e) Anger, anxiety, disgust, happiness and sadness

14. Which of the following is true of the five fundamental discrete emotions?

a) Izard (e.g. 1977, 1993) argues that there are no discrete emotions.
b) Of the five fundamental discrete emotions, three are generally judged to be ‘negative’ – fear/anxiety, anger and sadness – and two to be ‘positive’ – happiness and excitement.
c) One feature of the five fundamental discrete emotions is that the positive emotions are always experienced as positive and the negative ones always as negative.
d) There is a class of self-conscious emotions – embarrassment, pride, shyness, shame and guilt.

15. According to recent theories of emotional development, most emotions have appeared by the age of:

a) 6 months
b) 1 year
c) 2 years
d) 3 years
e) 5 years

16. Select the FALSE assertion about emotional intelligence from those given below:

a) The study of emotional intelligence is rapidly becoming an important area within emotional development research.
b) Emotional intelligence and self-regulation are likely to be independent of the attachment style the child experiences and how well socialized s/he becomes.
c) Emotional intelligence refers to a set of skills that we use to deal with emotion-relevant information.
d) Thompson (1990, 1991) links changes in emotional self-regulation to the development of cognitive skills, allowing emotion to be seen as analysable and capable of change.

17. If a person has the ability to interpret emotions, express emotions, use emotional information, deal with other’s emotions and regulate their emotions, then this person would be expected to have:

a) High social intelligence
b) High emotional intelligence
c) Low social intelligence
d) Low emotional intelligence
e) Many emotional disturbances

18. Although it is believed that emotions can never be abnormal, which expressions of emotion reflect some degree of emotional malfunction?

a) Neurotic anxiety
b) Depression
c) Panic attack
d) Ulcers
e) All of the above

19. Research by James Pennebaker has demonstrated that the health benefits of expressive writing may be most improved by:

a) Using many positive emotion words in writing about trauma
b) Using many positive emotion words in writing about any topic
c) Using few positive and negative emotion words in writing about trauma
d) Using non-verbal expression of emotions about trauma
e) Using non-verbal expression of emotions about any topic

20. The following four statements refer to some recent theories of anxiety. But which of these is FALSE?

a) According to M. Eysenck (1988), those who are high or low in anxiety also differ in their cognition.
b) Barlow (e.g. 1991) shows how we can easily distinguish between anxiety and depression.
c) Barlow suggests that emotional disorders occur when chronic states of dysthymia (i.e. lowered mood) interact with briefer episodes of panic and depression.
d) Barlow’s general argument is that stress, anxiety and dysthymia can interact with everyday emotions of excitement, anger, fear and sadness.

 

 

Copyright 2005 BPS Blackwell