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1. One of these statements about job selection is FALSE. But which one?

a) Job selection is based on the premise that there are differences between people which can be identified.
b) Job selection is based on the premise that there are differences between people that have an impact on how effective people are in a particular job.
c) Psychologists are beginning to come to the fore in terms of developing and using personnel selection methods.
d) Failure to achieve a fit between the person and the organization can lead to a feeling of low esteem on the part of the employee.

2. The process by which members of a society are taught how to behave and feel by influential members of that society is referred to as ________________.

a) Role ambiguity
b) Socialization
c) Hawthorne effect
d) Social roles
e) Normative influence

3. Once you have started work for an organization, through socialization and training it will seek to shape you to fit in and to contribute to achieving its goals. But which of the following is NOT true of socialization?

a) Socialization is the process by which members of a society are taught how to behave and feel by influential members of that society.
b) Socialization can occur in a country, organization or even in a family.
c) In the past, socialization theory and research has concentrated on the development of adults, but more recently, it has become clear that children are also socialized.
d) When employees start work, they learn to align their work values with those of the organization.

4. All of the following are examples of selection procedures used by organizations to match people with jobs except for ___________.

a) Work-sample tests
b) Biodata
c) Psychometric tests
d) Work load tests
e) Interviews

5. Which one of these statements about training is FALSE?

a) There was very little change in work environments over the last quarter of the twentieth century.
b) Most people at work need continual training to update their skills.
c) The approach to training in many organizations is often reactive.
d) Psychologists have much to offer organizations in making training effective.

6. Of these assertions about leadership styles, one is correct. Which one is it?

a) Organizational psychologists have recently changed their focus on leadership from personality to environmental factors and back to personality again.
b) Charismatic leadership and transformational leadership are opposing leadership styles.
c) Charismatic leaders exercise intense influence over others and have high expectations of their followers’ performance, but usually communicate their goals and visions in a confused way.
d) Some studies suggest that transformational leaders inspire dissatisfaction amongst their employees, resulting in lower productivity.

7. People’s temple cult leader, Reverend Jim Jones, persuaded his followers to feed a poison-laced drink to their children and then drink it themselves, and nearly 1,000 people died. This is an example of the negative influence of _______________.

a) Social roles
b) Transactional leadership
c) Transformational leadership
d) Hawthorne effect
e) Formalization

8. Which of the following characteristics are contributors to job satisfaction, as identified in Hackman and Oldham’s (1976) influential job characteristics theory?

  1. Variety.
  2. Recognition.
  3. Task identity.
  4. Task difficulty.
a) 1, 2 & 3
b) 1 & 2
c) 2 & 3
d) 3 & 4

9. Which of the following are likely to make us find a situation stressful?

  1. Having knowledge and experience of the job.
  2. Poor relationships at work.
  3. Reduced autonomy over work.
  4. Neurotic temperament.
a) 1 & 2
b) 1, 2 & 3
c) 2, 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4

10. One of these statements referring to organizational culture is FALSE – please highlight it:

a) Organizational culture can be described as shared values, attitudes and beliefs held by organizational members.
b) Pay levels are not a manifestation of organizational culture.
c) Organizational psychologists have adopted three approaches to understanding culture.
d) We can best understand organizational culture by adopting a multi-dimensional perspective.

11. According to French and Raven’s (1959) five sources of power, which of the following combinations of types and sources of power are correct?

a) Legitimate power is wielded by someone whose persuasiveness, popularity or charisma lead others to accede to his/her wishes or suggestions.
b) Expert power results from access to knowledge and information, so the computer wizard often gains considerable power in an organization.
c) Reward power is the power to force others into action or inaction by the threat of punishment, such as delaying the payment of expenses claims.
d) Referent power comes from position in the hierarchy and is imposed by authority.

12. Which source of power, according to French and Raven (1959), would be represented by delaying the payment of expense claims or denying requested vacation time to employees?

a) Coercive power
b) Reward power
c) Referent power
d) Legitimate power
e) Expert power

13. A major area of research on power in organizations examines the experiences of women at work. Which of the statements given below is also true of women at work?

a) Stereotyping is no longer a problem for women at work.
b) It is illegal to treat pregnancy as a cause for dismissal.
c) Women’s representation in the ranks of executives has remained the same in recent years.
d) Women tend to use a transactional leadership style.

14. What types of experiences continue to constitute significant problems for women at work?

a) Women earn 20% less than men, on the average, for the same work
b) Stereotyping of women into “female” jobs
c) Women may be dismissed from work if pregnant
d) Sexual harassment
e) All of the above

15. Hackman and Oldham (1976) identified which qualities to be most important for job satisfaction?

a) Having a variety of tasks to perform
b) Feedback about job performance
c) Type of leadership
d) (a) and (b)
e) (a), (b) and (c)

16. The shared belief among members of a work team that it is safe to take interpersonal risks and that they will not be rejected or punished for speaking up is referred to as ______________.

a) Team process
b) Psychological safety
c) Team viability
d) Groupthink
e) Team beliefs

17. Research has indicated that egocentricity, group polarization and production-blocking all contribute to diminished __________.

a) Group decision-making
b) Group cohesiveness
c) Organizational culture
d) Group effectiveness
e) Group power

18. The hierarchical organizational structure of Disneyland, with employees working at varying levels of status including food vendors, street cleaners, ride operators and supervisors, represents what type of organizational culture?

a) Integration
b) Pluralist
c) Fragmentation
d) Differentiation
e) None of the above

19. What are the psychological effects of unemployment on individuals?

a) Depression
b) Negative self-esteem
c) Anxiety
d) Low levels of daily functioning
e) All of the above

20. Which of the following statements regarding the psychological effects of unemployment is FALSE?

a) The unemployed have poorer mental health than comparable groups of employed people.
b) The unemployed have poorer physical health than comparable groups of employed people.
c) The psychological effects of unemployment do not usually affect anyone apart from the unemployed person.
d) None of the above – all are correct.

 

 

Copyright 2005 BPS Blackwell