1. Which of these definitions applies to ALL types of abnormal behaviour?

a) Abnormal behaviour occurs infrequently.
b) Abnormal behaviour is odd or strange.
c) Abnormal behaviour is characterized by suffering.
d) Abnormal behaviour causes impairment in the person’s life.

2. Comorbidity refers to:

a) The frequency of mental illness
b) Two or more causes of death indicated for patients
c) The occurrence of 2 or more disorders at the same time
d) The degree of suffering of mentally ill patients
e) The frequency of family-related mental illness

3. In terms of the early parent–child relationship in the development of mental illness, which of the following accurately explains how contemporary psychodynamic models differ to that of Freud?

a) Contemporary models focus more on interpersonal relationships than on intrapsychic conflict.
b) Contemporary models focus on the unconscious internal desires and motivations of the child.
c) Contemporary models focus on how the child negotiates his/her unconscious internal desires and motivations as s/he progresses through the early relationship with his/her parents.
d) None of the above.

4. Biological models of mental disorders explain mental illness as resulting from which of the following factors?

a) Biochemical imbalance
b) Genetic predisposition
c) Familial transmission
d) Brain defects
e) All of the above

5. Which model explains that psychological disorders develop when people with some vulnerability to mental illness experience proximal stressors?

a) Diathesis-stress model
b) Attachment model
c) Psychodynamic model
d) Cognitive-behavioral model
e) Parent-stressor model

6. Which are true of the diathesis–stress model of mental illness? Please identify all correct answers.

When an enduring vulnerability factor in a person is coupled with a recent stressor, it results in psychological disorder.
Only one of the diathesis or stressor needs to be present for symptoms of the psychological disorder to occur.
Both the diathesis and the stressor must be present to lead to symptoms of the psychological disorder.
Diatheses and stressors have specific definitions.

a) 1 & 4
b) 1 & 3
c) 2 & 3
d) 2 & 4

7. We know that a distinction is made between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. What is the difference between these symptoms?

a) Negative symptoms indicate the presence of something normal, and positive symptoms indicate the absence of something unusual.
b) Positive symptoms indicate the presence of something normal, and negative symptoms indicate the absence of something unusual.
c) Negative symptoms indicate the presence of something unusual, and positive symptoms indicate the absence of something normal.
d) Positive symptoms indicate the presence of something unusual, and negative symptoms indicate the absence of something normal.

8. Which one of the following types of factors has been found to be the most likely cause of schizophrenia ?

a) Social factors.
b) Genetic factors.
c) Psychological factors.
d) Environmental factors.

9. Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

a) Depression
b) Substance abuse
c) Stressful events
d) Social support
e) A plan to commit suicide

10. Which psychological disorder is characterized by hallucinations, delusions, using bizarre language and inappropriate affect?

a) Depression
b) Schizophrenia
c) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
d) Eating disorders
e) Generalized anxiety disorder

11. Symptoms of major depressive disorder might include:

Specific phobias.
Losing interest or pleasure in things that you usually enjoy.
Changes in appetite.
An excessively euphoric mood.

a) 1 & 2
b) 3 & 4
c) 2 & 3
d) 1 & 4

12. Identify the accurate assertion from those given below, in relation to the course of major depressive disorder:

a) Most people with major depressive disorder experience only isolated episodes of depression.
b) Depression is a disorder of adulthood and does not affect children.
c) Major depressive disorder follows a recurrent course.
d) Early onset of major depressive disorder predicts a better course of depression over time.

13. Which of the following is a characteristic of people with social phobia?

a) Only very rarely does their condition lead to significant social isolation.
b) Their condition can range from relatively mild to extremely pervasive.
c) They are afraid of other people.
d) They are afraid of social situations.

14. Which of the following do we know to be the case, in terms of the causes of anxiety disorders and factors affecting their course?

a) The extent of heritability is the same for all anxiety disorders.
b) People prone to anxiety disorders are born with behavioural exhibition.
c) All anxiety disorders have the same range of biological causes.
d) Cognitive, behavioural and life stress factors affect risk for anxiety disorders.

15. Which of the following symptoms do anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common?

a) Distorted body image
b) Intense fear of being fat
c) Sense of self revolves around body and weight
d) Eating regulated by psychological and not physical processes
e) All of the above

16. The tension-reduction hypothesis attempts to explain the development of which type of mental disorder?

a) Schizophrenia
b) Eating disorders
c) Substance abuse
d) Major depression
e) Bipolar disorder

17. Common impairments of a substance abuser might include:

a) Failure to fulfil major role obligations.
b) Legal problems.
c) Both (a) and (b).
d) Neither (a) nor (b)

18. Which type of mental illness is most resistant to change?

a) Personality disorders
b) Eating disorders
c) Anxiety disorders
d) Schizophrenia
e) Affective disorders

19. According to research, children who are behaviorally inhibited are shy, quiet, fearful, socially avoidant and have high levels of physiological arousal. These children are most likely to develop which type of psychological disorders?

a) Psychotic disorders
b) Anxiety disorders
c) Eating disorders
d) Substance abuse disorders
e) None of the above

20. For which type of mental illness is there considerable evidence that it is caused by biological factors and little to no evidence that it is caused by psychosocial factors?

a) Bipolar disorder
b) Panic disorder
c) Bulimia nervosa
d) Schizophrenia
e) (a) and (d)