The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution and Ecology.

Links to resources

The authors have selected the following links to useful material. The links are grouped by chapter. Additional links will be posted by the authors as they become available.

Introduction

1. The science of ichthyology

Videos:
• Video shows vast diversity of fishes
• This is a brief tour of the American Museum of Natural History's ichthyology collection
• A good introduction to fish diversity and adaptations and how they are well suited for aquatic environments
• Monterey Bay Aquarium's Open Ocean Tank LIVE STREAM
• Behind the scenes in Florida’s Museum of Natural History ichthyology collection
• 10 weird things on fish heads (some good photos with descriptions of specialized adaptations)
• Collection of ichthyology resource
• List of shark species

2. Systematic procedures

There are currently no links for this chapter.

Websites, references, and other sources:
• CITES information on sturgeons

14. Teleosts at last I: bonytongues through angler fishes

Videos:
• Electric Eel Lights Up Christmas Tree
• Tarpon attacked by Hammerhead Shark
• News story on Okie Noodling Festival (hand fishing for Flathead Catfish)
• "Hard water season" (ice fishing) for Northern Pike
• A youtube video of a Northern Pike swimming around, investigating a baited hook� then checking out the camera. Note use of fins in movement.
• A Northern Pike eating a minnow
Shows the quick striking speed of the fish and how rapid opening of the mouth creates suction to draw prey in. At the end of the clip you can see how the Pike was swallowing the minnow head first.
• Close-up of Bristlenose Plecostomus
• Big catfish from River Monsters series
• Candiru (toothpick fish), a small parasitic catfish attracted to ammonia, from BBC series -
• Arowana � hunting and attacking prey above water
• Catching an Arapaima (from River Monsters series)
• Mullet jumping
• Comical song about anglerfish
• CT scan reveals last meal of preserved deep-sea angler fish

Websites, references, and other sources:
• Article on importance of Menhaden

15. Teleosts at last II: spiny-rayed fishes

Videos:
• Japanese mudskippers
Short video on Japanese mudskippers �includes foraging, courtship displays, mouthfighting, excavation of burrow.
• Boxfish swimming
Please note that swimming utilizes mainly the pectoral, anal, and dorsal fins. Therefore the style seems more a combination of labriform and balistiform, rather than ostraciiform as shown in Table 8.1.
• Leafy Sea Dragons
• Mudskippers (National Geographic for Kids)
• Flying Fish (the species)
• News story on angler catching 540lb halibut
• Puffer fish eats clams
• Red-lipped batfish and frogfish
• Colorful Reef Fish, including some that change color & sex
• Video of Oarfish (longest fish in the seas) at surface
• Another story about Oarfish, with a photo
• Video of Oarfish swimming
• Predator with a mouthful from River Monsters series
• I’m bringin’ Stickleback – Justin Timberlake parody
• Swordfish impales Alvin submersible (photo and article)
• Ocean sunfish in shallow water off Florida

Suborder Percoidea

• Remoras with Tiger Shark

Order Tetradontiformes

• 16 minutes worth spending on Giant Ocean Sunfish
• Ocean sunfish

Websites, references, and other sources:
• A National Geographic article about flying fish

Zoogeography, genetics, and adaptations

16. Zoogeography

There are currently no links for this chapter.

17. Fish genetics

Videos:
• Studying stickleback DNA can be dangerous to your mental health
• An explanation and demonstration of lab procedures used to extract and study DNA from fish tissue samples
• Fluorescent fish (from jellyfish genes)
• News story about “Glofish”
• DNA testing to identify fish mislabeling at market
• New story on genetically engineered salmon (1)
• New story on genetically engineered salmon (2)

18. Special habitats and special adaptations

Videos:
• Some deep sea fishes can produce red light
• Deep-sea snailfish
• Brief news article and video on deep sea snailfishes
• Tripod fish
• Brief video of some Antarctic nototheniods (Trematomus bernnachii)
• Bioluminescence in Hatchetfish to camouflage against surface light
• Flashlight fish
• Death Valley pupfish
• Lungfishes in dry mud

Cavefishes
• Mexican Blind Cavefish in zoo aqaurium
• Cave Angel Fish live in cave waterfalls
• Blind Cavefish in aquarium
• Eyeless cave dwelling fish

Websites, references, and other sources:
• Article on the intracellular bacteria that live in the lures of anglerfish

Behavior and ecology

19. Fishes as predators

Videos:
• Electric Eel Lights Up Christmas Tree
• Pacific Electric Ray
• Cooperative hunting by Sailfish (1)
• Cooperative hunting by Sailfish (2)
• Boxfish blows jets of water to reveal food in the sand
• Sailfish hunting (sardine ball) (1)
• Sailfish hunting (sardine ball) (2)
• Bluefin Tuna and other predators attack mackerel bait ball
• Catching and tagging Black Marlin
• Sometimes, even the largest of predators become prey... (see about 2 minutes into the clip)
• Archerfish shooting insect prey
• National Geographic video segments shows examples of camouflaged fishes
• Humpback Scorpionfish (looks like a rock) feeds on Lionfish
• Moray Eels second set of jaws, use of modified pharyngeal jaws to swallow prey
• Goliath Grouper eats Barracuda
• Tuna and sailfish attacking trolling lures
• Mako shark attacks swordfish tail to disable prey...

20. Fishes as prey

Videos:
• Grouper has trouble handling a Porcupinefish
• Hiding by coloration
• National Geographic – fish camouflage
• Foraging Efficiency and shoal size
• Predators gag on hagfish slime

21. Fishes as social animals: reproduction

Videos:
• Clown fish swimming among coral
• Sunfish nests
• Grunion run in California
• Another example of mouth brooding cichlids
• Cichlids spawning
• Mouth-brooding cichlid protecting young
• Atlantic Salmon spawning
• Belize Fish Spawning Aggregation
• Sea Lamprey building a nest and spawning
• Sea lamprey building a nest
• Mandarin goby courtship in aquarium tank

Websites, references, and other sources:

• Sexual dimorphism in mosquitofish

22. Fishes as social animals: aggregation, aggression, and cooperation

Videos:
• Sarcastic fringeheads mouthfighting over territory 1
• Sarcastic fringeheads mouthfighting over territory 2
• Giant Moray with Cleaner Wrasses
• Midnight Snapper with Cleaner Wrasses
• Porcupine Fish with Cleaner Wrasses
• Clown Fish among anemone
• Remora cleaning Lemon Shark (1)
• Remora cleaning Lemon Shark (2)
• Fish communication by sound (US only)
• BBC clip on Candiru
• Male cichlids mouth-fighting
• Video montage of symbioses, including some fishes
• Spinyhead blenny aggressive behavior
• Territorial Damselfish
• Damselfish defending cultivated patch of algae

23. Cycles of activity and behaviour

Videos:
• Twilight changeover on a coral reef
• Brief segment on life cycle of Atlantic Silversides

24. Individuals, populations, and assemblages

Videos:
• Garden Eels, and large shoal of jacks

25. Communities, ecosystems, and the functional role of fishes

Videos:
• National Geographic – grouper at cleaning station
• Animal Planet segment on goby – blind shrimp mutualism
• Cleaner Shrimp cleaning Goby
• Black Grouper Cleaning Station
• Two clown fish fight over anemone

Websites, references, and other sources:
• Picture of Goby and Shrimp
• Clownfish picture
• School of fish on a coral reef– (photograph)

The future of fishes

26. Conservation

Videos:
Two one-hour PBS special called "Freshwater Seas: The Great Lakes". Not only on fishes, of course, but a great comprehensive look at water resource issues.
• Freshwater Seas: The Great Lakes (Hour 1)
• Freshwater Seas: The Great Lakes (Hour 2)
• Sawfish
• Two species of Asian carp have escaped from ponds into the Mississippi River
• Pole fishing for Skipjack
• Article on the environmental problems associated with salmon "farming", includes link to �Salmon farming exposed� video
• The costs of fish farming - commercial harvesting of fish to provide fish meal to support aquaculture
• Lionfish invasion of the Atlantic
• Video report on recovery of Swordfish populations
• Video � fishing for Snakeheads in the Potomac River
• Bottom trawl in action
• Effects of toxins in water on fish � article and news report on video
• Video on invasive Northern Snakehead
• Seafloor destruction by bottom trawling (video by Greenpeace)
• 11� minute video on shark conservation, with a focus on shark nets intended to protect swimmers at beaches (from Save Our Seas Foundation)
• BBC 'Blue Planet - Deep Trouble' segment on loss of coral reef fishes
• Lionfish invasion of Atlantic Ocean
• This is a TED talk by chef Dan Barber that tells the story of an ecologically-minded fish farm, and how to keep fish on the menu… and help feed the world. Humorous and inspiring!
• This is a news story about a city that has deployed structures into the ocean to create an artificial reef habitat that will promote a local fishery.
• A TED talk by Barbara Block about tuna and how they are now tagging them to more completely understand their life-cycle and how we can more fully understand what we are doing to their populations.
• Why are sea lions dying in Alaska? Could increased fishing be responsible by depleting fish resources?
This is a trailer for NATURE's "A Mystery in Alaska"
• A trout farm (private hatchery) in Vermont
• Shark finning
• Anti-finning commercial
• This link talks about the efforts of hatcheries in Russia to help regrow populations of Sturgeon in the Caspian Sea.
• Saving the ocean: Scourge of the lionfish
• Saving the ocean: Cod Comeback?
• Saving the ocean: River of Kings, part 1
• Saving the ocean: River of Kings, part 2
• Saving the ocean: Shark Reef
• Saving the ocean: Swordfish, part 1
• Saving the ocean: Swordfish, part 2
• Story on bluefin tuna
• Farming bluefin tuna in Japan
• Southern bluefin tuna aquaculture in Australia
• Ecological threats presented by farming salmon off of British Columbia (Jean-Michel Cousteau, Ocean Futures Society)
• “Salmon Confidential”, a 70 min documentary on negative impacts of salmon farming along coast of British Columbia (May 2013)
• The status of and threats to Pacific Lamprey
• Why Pacific lamprey matter to native cultures of the Columbia Basin

Websites, references, and other sources:
• This is an article from Stanford about how not only large fish species are become quickly endangered, also small fish species populations are plummeting as well.
• Article on hybridization of sharks of Australia, perhaps driven by climate change and decreasing populations due to harvesting.
• Dental care

Links to resources

Introduction

1. The science of ichthyology

2. Systematic procedures

3. Skeleton, skin, and scales

4. Soft anatomy

5. Oxygen, metabolism, and energetics

6. Sensory systems

7. Homeostasis

8. Functional morphology of locomotion and feeding

9. Early life history

10. Juveniles, adults, age, and growth

11. A history of fishes

12. Chondrichthyes: sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras

13. Living representatives of primitive fi shes