Imitation is a basic human ability, present very early in infancy and developing throughout life. The present research was devoted to the investigation of the imitation strategies used by callosotomized patients. Twelve right-handed patients (aged 26–57 years; seven males) submitted to complete or partial resection of the corpus callosum for control of epilepsy gave their informed consent to participate in the study. They were asked to imitate left or right upper limb intransitive meaningful and meaningless gestures performed by a model in a video. Imitation occurred without specific instructions in free sessions 1 and 6 and following apparently specific but partly ambiguous instructions in driven sessions 2 and 4. The frequency of gestures in a mirror or anatomical perspective was assessed according to instructions in each session. In free sessions, imitation occurred mainly in a mirror-mode (66%, p < 0.05), as previously observed in control subjects. In driven sessions, the mirror strategy was used by callosotomized participants in 61% of imitative responses (p < 0.05), at variance with the anatomical perspective overwhermingly adopted by control subjects (93%, p < 0.01). Callosotomized subjects may have difficulties with the anatomical perspective either because of an impaired capacity for mental rotation, or because each hemisphere tends to match the movement seen in the contralateral visual field with the contralateral arm.