This presentation will overview some of the recent developments of the research on the biological functions(s) of centrally projecting urocorin 1 (Ucn1) neurons in the midbrain Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWcp). Detailed characterization of Ucn1's role revealed novel biological functions of regulating/controlling food intake and regulation of homeostatic equilibrium and mood under stress. Interestingly, Ucn1-EWcp neurons express both leptin and ghrelin receptors, the activation of which results in conspicuous but differential activity changes of these neurons. Furthermore, from results from genetically modified animals (leptin and ghrelin null mice) a picture is emerging, in which the interaction of peripheral metabolic signals with Ucn1 neurons in the EW play an important role in the management of the stress adaptation response. These data strongly suggest that Ucn1 neurons in the EWcp are in a critical position to integrate stress-related inputs and information on the body's energy reserves. I propose a concept in which Ucn1 neurons in the EWcp are crucial in balancing the energetic costs of life history changes (stress) and thereby in promoting body and mental health.