The metabotropic GABA-B receptors are present in the nervous system where they play important roles also in the nociceptive processing. The GABA-B specific agonist baclofen, in fact, proved to be anti-nociceptive in models of acute and chronic pain. In this context, the study of GABA-B1^-/- knockout mice revealed a hyperalgesic status, supporting the contribution of GABA-B receptors in the central nociceptive processing. A tonic GABA-B receptor activation, therefore, appears to contribute to the establishment of the nociceptive threshold. Interestingly, GABA-B receptors are expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), mainly in the Schwann cells where they participate in the control of cell proliferation and myelination. Recent studies in GABA-B1^-/- mice suggested the peripheral contribution of these receptors also to the nociceptive processing. These mice presented a thermal hyperalgesia, a higher mechanical threshold to Von Frey filament without signs of allodynia, and typical gait alterations. GABA-B1^-/- mice also show morphological and molecular changes in peripheral nerves, including an increased number of small myelinated fibers and small neurons of the lumbar dorsal root ganglia. These fibers were supposed to be Adelta nociceptive fibers, suggesting that GABA-Breceptors are involved both in the PNS nociception and in the myelination processes. Our recent studies in conditional mice specifically lacking GABA-B1 receptor in Schwann cells were aimed at clarifying the specific role of GABA-B receptors in peripheral pain sensitivity. These conditional mice showed a hyperalgesic status, which seem to correlate with an increase in unmyelinated fibers. Although the GABA-B1 conditional mice show several myelin abnormalities, however, the morphological features of these mice were different from those previously observed in total null GABA-B1^-/- mice. Altogether, our observations suggest a putative Schwann cell autonomous nociceptive phenotype, which might be of therapeutic interest for the treatment of pain.