Aim: 

The aim of this paper is to analyze whether the use of the cortical activity estimated from non invasive EEG recordings could be useful to detect mental states related to the imagination of limb movements. Then apply such approach to drive electronic and mechanical devices by modulation of EEG only.

Methods: 

Estimation of cortical activity was performed on high resolution EEG data related to the imagination of limb movements gathered in 15 normal healthy subjects by using realistic head models. Cortical activity was estimated in Region of Interest associated with the subject's Brodmann areas by using depth-weighted minimum norm solutions. Comparisons between surface recorded EEG and the estimated cortical activity were performed.

Results: 

The estimated cortical activity related to the mental imagery of limbs in the analyzed subjects is located mainly over the contralateral primary motor area. The unbalance between brain activity estimated in contralateral and ipsilateral motor cortical areas relative to the finger movement imagination is greater than those obtained in the scalp EEG recordings. With the proposed methodology users have been able to drive modulating their EEG activity several mechanical and electronic devices.

Conclusions: 

The use of the estimated cortical activity for the motor imagery of upper limbs could be potentially superior with respect to the use of surface EEG recordings and can be used to drive electronic and mechanical devices just by thoughts.