Camphor was recently found to activate two thermosensitive Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels of the vanilloid subfamily, TRPV3 and TRPV1. We investigate the effects of camphor on native nociceptive neurones, using the isolated mouse skin-saphenous nerve preparation obtained from TRPV1-/- and wildtype mice. Camphor 2mM was found to increase the heat response of a subpopulation of capsaicin-sensitive C-fibres of wildtype (n=9/40) but not of TRPV1-/- mice. In both genotypes, camphor increased the ongoing activity often following upon noxious heat (n=21/68) and activated a few fibers directly (n=3/68). However, camphor's most obvious effect was a sensitization to cold of mechano-cold sensitive (n=6/15) and of high-threshold mechanosensitive units (n=14/27) in both TRPV1 genotypes. The cold-sensitizing effect was not influenced by either ruthenium red or lanthanum, however, was increased by coadministration of menthol 50mM. When applied after previous camphor treatment, menthol appeared ineffective whereas it caused a strong sensitization on its own in a separate population of fibers. Our results suggest that camphor exerts multiple effects on native sensory neurones including an upregulation of thermotransduction as well as of the excitability.