At the level of the spinal cord on the one hand from simple reflexes to elaborate locomotor activity a variety of motor pattern may be generated on the other hand a complex processing of sensory information may take place. It is now known for a long time that these spinal activities are under an extensive monoaminergic and opioidergic control. These two groups of compounds could develop synergistic effects as e.g. in suppressing the transmission in short latency reflex pathways from flexor reflex afferents (irrespective of a nociceptive or a non-nociceptive origin) or antagonistic effects, e.g. monoamines (particularly L-DOPA) facilitate spinal locomotor generation, while opioids suppress it. The contribution of the purinergics adenosine, ADP and ATP in spinal sensorimotor control is more complex and has been investigated more recently. These substances may modulate neurotransmission by activating presynaptic and/or postsynaptic ionotrophic P2X receptors in the dorsal and in the ventral horn. They exert their multiple influence on pain processing at peripheral as well as at spinal sites Their distinct influence on spinal motor circuits, particularly on locomotor activity, which partly is antagonistic to the action of L-DOPA, seems to be only partly mediated via the spinal level.