heading

A heading in a document.

Best practice

1. Heading case

Headings should be captured in sentence case regardless of the online or print presentation style for the heading:

heading example 1

<subsection level="1" id="ss0">
<heading id="h0" level="1">Materials and methods</heading>
<subsection level="2" id="ss1">
<heading id="h1" level="2">Bacterial strains</heading>
<p>A total of 138 streptococcal strains belonging to the species 
<i>S. pneumoniae</i>, <i>S. mitis</i>, and 
<i>S. oralis</i> were studied (the strains are listed below)

2. Numbered headings

Heading numbers should be contained within a number element within the heading element:

heading example 2

<subsection level="1" id="ss0">
<heading id="h0" level="1"><number>1<x>&emsp;</x></number>Introduction</heading>
<p><link rid="b1">Liske (2000)</link> recently showed a new variant for calculating the comoving 
distance &chi;<sub>12</sub> between two objects at cosmological

3. Implied headings

If a heading is implied by its parent element (e.g. the 'Abstract' heading in <summary>), the implicit attribute of the heading should be switched to "yes":

heading example 3

<summary>
<heading id="h1" level="2" implicit="yes">Abstract</heading>
<p>The inner product provides a conceptually and algorithmically simple method for 
calculating the comoving distance between two cosmological objects given their redshifts, right

4. Inline headings

If a heading is inline, i.e. the following text begins on the same line as the heading, the format attribute of the heading should be switched to "inline":

heading example 4

<heading id="h1" level="1" format="inline">Background<x>: </x></heading>
<p>Mouse imprinted gene <i>Peg3</i> encodes a large C2H2 type zinc finger 
protein with unique characteristics.

5. Heading punctuation

If a heading contains terminal punctuation (e.g. ": " in the example above), the punctuation should be contained within <heading> tagged as x.

#PCDATA
accent -- a structure denoting a character and and accent mark (%formatting;)
accolade -- a brace spanning table rows
address -- an author's or other address
alternativeformat -- a text string in an alternative format (%formatting;)
answer -- the answer in a question and answer section ('questiongroup')
b -- bold text (%formatting;)
br -- line break (%formatting;)
corporatename -- a company or group of people
date -- a date
event -- an event e.g. in a list of events
externallink -- a link out of a document
feedback -- feedback relating to an answer in an answergroup
fill -- fill with multiple characters
font -- a change of font (%formatting;)
formula -- a mathematical formula
genesequence -- a string of text denoting a gene sequence
highlight -- highlighted text (%formatting;)
hint -- a hint associated with a question
i -- italic text (%formatting;)
layeredtext -- text in a legend associated with a particular image part
link -- a link to another part of a document e.g. to a figure, affiliation or heading ID value
name -- an author or other individual (editor, reviewer etc.) associated with a document or reference
namegroup -- a group or list of names
number -- text denoting the number of a reference, formula, figure legend, list, footnote, affiliation or similar labels (%formatting;)
object -- a non-XML item which is part of the document (e.g. a figure)
openface -- denotes text in an openface font (%formatting;)
overline -- denotes a line over text (%formatting;)
price -- the price of something, usually a book
question -- a question in a question group
reference -- a reference cited in an article
related -- a file or document related to the current document
roman -- text in a roman font (%formatting;)
sansserif -- text in a sans serif font (%formatting;)
scriptface -- text in a script font (%formatting;)
slanted -- text in a slanted font (%formatting;)
smallcapitals -- text in small capitals (%formatting;)
softbr -- a soft line break (%formatting;)
span -- a span of text (%formatting;)
strike -- strikethrough text (%formatting;)
sub -- subscript text (%formatting;)
sup -- superscript (%formatting;)
symbol -- used in entity lists for BSL XSL purposes (%formatting;)
title -- the title of a document, book or journal etc.
tt -- typewriter/monospaced font (%formatting;)
u -- underline (%formatting;)
uu -- double-underline (%formatting;)
x -- punctuation or significant white space (%formatting;)

Parent elements

correspondent -- the adddressee for correspondence about an article or document
definitiongroup -- a group of definitions
eventgroup
history -- the history of a document
indexgroup -- an index or group of indexes
keywordgroup -- a group of keywords associated with a document or object
namegroup -- a group or list of names
notegroup -- a group of notes
object -- a non-XML item which is part of the document (e.g. a figure)
objectsubgroup -- a collection of objects
questiongroup -- a group consisting of questions and answers
quotation -- a quotation, usually displayed indented from surrounding text
subsection -- a subsection in a section
summary -- the summary or abstract of a document

Created: Tue Dec 23 14:02:01 2003