Part I: Basic Tools for Argument
1. Arguments, Premises and Conclusions
2. Deduction
3. Induction
4. Validity and Soundness
5. Invalidity
6. Consistency
7. Fallacies
8. Refutation
9. Axioms
10. Definitions
11. Certainty and Probability
12. Tautologies, Self-Contradictions and the Law of Non-Contradiction
Part II: Further Tools for Argument
13. Abduction
14. Hypothetico-Deductive Method
15. Dialectic
16. Analogies
17. Anomalies and Exceptions that Prove the Rule
18. Intuition Pumps
19. Logical Constructions
20. Reduction
21. Thought Experiments
22. Transcendental Arguments
23. Useful Fictions
Part III: Tools for Assessment
24. Alternative Explanations
25. Ambiguity
26. Bivalence and the Excluded Middle
27. Category Mistakes
28. Ceteris Paribus
29. Circularity
30. Conceptual Incoherence
31. Counterexamples
32. Criteria
33. Error Theory
34. False Dichotomy
35. Genetic Fallacy
36. Horned Dilemmas
37. Hume's Fork
38. Is/ought Gap
39. Leibniz's Law of Identity
40. Masked Man Fallacy
41. Ockham's Razor
42. Paradoxes
43. Partners in Guilt
44. Principles of Charity
45. Question-Begging
46. Reductions
47. Redundancy
48. Regresses
49. Saving the Phenomena
50. Self-defeating Arguments
51. Sufficient Reason
52. Testability
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Part IV: Tools for Conceptual Distinctions
53. A Priori/A Posteriori
54. Absolute/Relative
55. Analytic/Synthetic
56. Categorical/Modal
57. Conditional/Biconditional
58. Defeasible/Indefeasible
59. Entailment/Implication
60. Essence/Accident
61. Knowledge by Acquaintance/Description
62. Necessary/Contingent
63. Necessary/Sufficient
64. Objective/Subjective
65. Realist/Non-Realist
66. Sense/Reference
67. Syntax/Semantics
68. Thick/Thin Concepts
69. Types/Tokens
Part V: Tools for Radical Critique
70. Class Critique
71. Deconstruction and the Critique of Presence
72. Empiricist Critique of Metaphysics
73. Feminist Critiques
74. Foucaultian Critique of Power
75. Heideggerian Critique of Metaphysics
76. Lacanian Critique
77. Nietzschean Critique of Christian-Platonic Culture
78. Pragmatist Critique
79. Sartrean Critique of 'Bad Faith'
Part VI: Tools at the Limit
80. Basic Beliefs
81. G;del and Incompleteness
82. Mystical Experience and Revelation
83. Possibility and Impossibility
84. Primitives
85. Self-evident Truths
86. Scepticism
87. Underdetermination
Appendix: Web Resources |
