Chapter 8 - Estimates of species richness and population size based on signs, products and effects.

Comparative surveys of species richness for some animal groups can be undertaken by surveying signs or products such as footprints, faeces, nests, burrows or cast skins. Measures of the size of populations based on the magnitude of their products or effects are often referred to as population indices. The relationship of these indices to the absolute population varies from equivalence when, for example, the number of exuviae are counted, to no more than an approximate correlation, when the index is obtained from general measures of damage.

Contents
8.1. Arthropod products
  • 8.1.1. Exuviae
  • 8.1.2. Frass
  • 8.1.3. Other products
    8.2. Vertebrate products
    8.3. Effects
  • 8.3.1. Effects due to an individual insect
  • 8.3.2. General effects - damage