Introduction to Social Psychology - Fourth Edition

Edited by: Miles Hewstone (University of Oxford), Wolfgang Stroebe (University of Utrecht) and Klaus Jonas (University of Zürich)

Series: BPS Textbooks in Psychology

Contents

• Notes on Contributors
• Preface to the fourth edition
• Chapters 1-15

  1. 1 Introducing Social Psychology

     • Introduction: Some Classic Studies
     • What is Social Psychology?
     • How Does Social Psychology Differ from Other Disciplines?
     • A Brief History of Social Psychology
     • The beginning
     • The early years
     • The years of expansion
     • The crisis years
     • Overcoming the crisis
     • Social Psychology in Europe
     • Social Psychology Today
     • Summary and Conclusions
     • Suggestions for Further Reading

  2. 2 Research Methods in Social Psychology

     • Introduction
     • Summary
     • Research Strategies
     • Survey research
     • Experiments and quasi-experiments
     • Qualitative approaches
     • Summary
     • A Closer Look at Experimentation in Social Psychology
     • Features of the social psychological experiment
     • Experimental designs
     • Threats to validity in experimental research
     • Social psychological experiments on the Internet
     • Problems with experimentation
     • Summary
     • Data Collection Techniques
     • Observational measures
     • Self-report measures
     • Implicit measures
     • Choosing a measure
     • Summary
     • Summary and Conclusions
     • Suggestions for Further Reading

  3. 3 Social Perception and Attribution

     • Introduction
     • Social Perception
     • Summary
     • Attribution Theory
     • Correspondent inference theory
     • Covariation theory
     • Access to covariation information
     • Knowledge, expectation and covariation
     • Covariation and causal power
     • Attributions for success and failure
     • Attributional reformulation of learned helplessness theory
     • Misattribution of arousal
     • Attributional bias
     • The naïve scientist metaphor
     • Attributions as discourse
     • Summary
     • Social Perception and Social Reality
     • Summary and Conclusions
     • Suggestions for Further Reading

  4. 4 Social Cognition

     • Introduction
     • Jumping to Conclusions: The Automatic Pilot Within
     • What makes a process automatic?
     • The pervasive nature of social categorization
     • Schemas: The next step in the process?
     • Schemas and person memory
     • Schema activation and behaviour
     • Summary
     • Going the Extra Mile: Regaining Cognitive Control
     • Stereotype? What stereotype? Stopping the stereotype being
     • ctivated in the first place
     • Quashing the effects of stereotype activation once it has occurred
     • Can schemas change?
     • Summary
     • Summary and Conclusions
     • Suggestions for Further Reading

  5. 5 Self and Social Identity

     • Introduction
     • A taste of self
     • Self and Identity as Social Psychological Concepts
     • Summary
     • Self-Concept and Self-Knowledge
     • Self-schema
     • Self-complexity
     • Sources of self-knowledge
     • Summary
     • Continuity of Self Over Time
     • Summary
     • Self-Awareness
     • Summary
     • Self as Agent and Regulatory Process
     • Summary
     • Self-Evaluation and Self-Esteem
     • Summary
     • Self-Extension and Levels of Identity
     • The social identity theory of intergroup relations
     • Self-categorization theory
     • Summary
     • Cultural Impact on Self and Identity
     • Summary
     • Summary and Conclusions
     • Suggestions for Further Reading

  6. 6 Attitudes: Content, Structure and Functions

     • Introduction
     • What is an Attitude?
     • Summary
     • The Content of Attitudes
     • The affective component of attitudes
     • The cognitive component of attitudes
     • The behavioural component of attitudes
     • Summary
     • The Structure of Attitudes
     • Summary
     • Why Do We Hold Attitudes?
     • Object appraisal
     • Instrumental versus value-expressive attitudes
     • Summary
     • Linking Attitude Content, Structure and Function
     • A question of content, structure and function: How stable are attitudes?
     • Summary
     • The Measurement of Attitudes
     • Explicit measures of attitudes
     • Issues relevant to the explicit measurement of attitudes
     • Implicit measures of attitudes
     • Are attitude measures reliable and valid?
     • Summary
     • Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour?
     • When do attitudes predict behaviour?
     • Models of attitude–behaviour relations
     • Summary
     • Summary and Conclusions
     • Suggestions for Further Reading

  7. 7 Strategies of Attitude and Behaviour Change

     • Introduction
     • Persuasion
     • Theories of systematic processing
     • Dual-process theories of persuasion
     • Advertising as applied persuasion
     • Summary
     • Incentive-Induced Attitude Change
     • Counterattitudinal behaviour and attitude change
     • Some paradoxical effects of incentives and sanctions
     • Further limitations of the effectiveness of incentive-induced change
     • Summary
     • Summary and Conclusions
     • Suggestions for Further Reading

  8. 8 Aggression

     • Introduction
     • Definition and Measurement of Aggressive Behaviour
     • Observation of aggressive behaviour
     • Obtaining reports of aggressive behaviour
     • Summary
     • Theories of Aggression
     • Biological approaches
     • Psychological approaches
     • Summary
     • Personal and Situational Variables affecting Aggressive Behaviour
     • Individual differences in aggressive behaviour
     • Situational influences on aggressive behaviour
     • Summary
     • Aggression as a Social Problem
     • Intimate partner violence
     • Sexual aggression
     • Bullying in school and the workplace
     • Summary
     • Psychological Prevention and Intervention: What Can Be Done about Aggression?
     • Summary
     • Summary and Conclusions
     • Suggestions for Further Reading

  9. 9 Prosocial Behaviour

     • Introduction
     • Helping, Prosocial Behaviour and Altruism
     • Definitions and examples
     • Summary
     • Why Don’t People Help?
     • When more is less
     • The theory of the unresponsive bystander: Threefold inhibitions
     • ‘Sorry, I’m in a hurry!’
     • Summary
     • Why Do People Help One Another?
     • The evolutionary approach
     • The individualistic approach
     • The interpersonal approach
     • Culture and society
     • Summary
     • Consequences of Receiving Help
     • Summary
     • Summary and Conclusions
     • Suggestions for Further Reading

  10. 10 Affiliation, Attraction and Close Relationships

      • Introduction
      • Affiliation: The Need for Social Contact
      • Situations fostering affiliation: When do people affiliate?
      • Lack of affiliation, loneliness and health
      • Summary
      • Attraction and the Development of Friendships
      • The physical environment
      • The similarity of attitudes
      • Physical attractiveness
      • Friendship as a relationship
      • Gender and friendship
      • Summary
      • Romantic Attraction
      • Romantic love
      • Individual differences in romantic love
      • Summary
      • Close Relationships: Satisfaction and Dissolution
      • Satisfaction in relationships
      • Commitment in relationships
      • The consequences of break-ups
      • Summary
      • Summary and Conclusions
      • Suggestions for Further Reading

  11. 11 Social Influence

      • Introduction
      • Incidental Social Influence
      • Social facilitation
      • The impact of social norms
      • Summary
      • Why Does Social Influence Occur?
      • Summary
      • Deliberate Social Influence
      • Compliance
      • The influence of numerical majorities and minorities
      • Group polarization
      • Groupthink
      • Obedience to authority
      • Summary
      • Summary and Conclusions
      • Suggestions for Further Reading

  12. 12 The Psychology of Groups: Basic Principles

      • Introduction
      • The Phenomenology of Groups
      • Defining groups
      • Why groups?
      • Types of groups and group entitativity
      • Summary
      • Individuals in Groups: The Individual Level of Analysis
      • Joining a group and group socialization: Becoming a full member
      • Being in a group: Maintenance and role negotiation
      • Leaving a group: Divergence and exit
      • Summary
      • Group Development and Structure: The Group Level of Analysis
      • Group development
      • On being similar: Norms, shared cognition and cohesion
      • On being different: Status and roles
      • Summary
      • Groups in their Environment: The Intergroup Level of Analysis
      • The intergroup context and the salience of group membership
      • The intergroup context, group perceptions and social influence
      • Summary
      • Summary and Conclusions
      • Suggestions for Further Reading

  13. 13 Group Performance and Leadership

      • Introduction
      • Some Core Concepts: Actual Group Performance, Group Potential and Task Type
      • Actual and potential group performance
      • Basic types of group tasks and their implications for group potential
      • Summary
      • Process Losses vs. Process Gains in Group Performance
      • Types of process losses and process gains
      • Summary
      • Group Performance Management
      • Three basic principles of group performance management
      • Summary
      • Leadership
      • Approaches to the study of leadership
      • Summary
      • Leadership in Groups
      • Group and task design
      • Group synchronization
      • Group development and learning
      • Summary
      • Summary and Conclusions
      • Suggestions for Further Reading

  14. 14 Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

      • Introduction
      • Summary
      • Explanations of Prejudice and Discrimination
      • The prejudiced personality
      • Realistic conflict theory
      • Mere categorization
      • Social identity theory
      • Summary
      • Intergroup Behaviour: Basic Processes
      • Social categorization
      • Identification and its components
      • Intergroup perception
      • Varieties of prejudice
      • Intergroup motivation
      • Summary
      • Reduction of Intergroup Conflict
      • Three models of contact between social groups
      • Psychological processes in prejudice reduction
      • Summary
      • Summary and Conclusions
      • Suggestions for Further Reading

  15. 15 Social Psychology in Action

      • Introduction
      • Applying Social Psychology
      • Social psychology and its relation to the ‘real world’
      • Applied social psychology and its relation to basic research
      • Methodological differences between basic and applied social psychology
      • Summary
      • Social Psychology and Advertising
      • Models of advertising effectiveness
      • The dual-process perspective
      • Summary
      • Social Psychology in the Workplace
      • Work outcome
      • Job attitudes
      • Determinants of job attitudes
      • Summary
      • Social Psychology and Health
      • Behaviour and health
      • Stress and health
      • Summary
      • Summary and Conclusions
      • Suggestions for Further Reading
• References
• Illustration Sources and Credits
• Name Index
• Subject Index

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