• Evolutionary genomics mainly makes use of new sequencing data, and is concerned with any question about the evolution of genomes.

• The protein-coding genes of the human genome can be compared with genes in prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotics, invertebrate animals, and vertebrates, to build up a picture of when each of our genes originated.

• A genome sequence, such as that of the flowering plant Arabidposis, can be used to identify duplicated regions of DNA and to infer the time when the duplications evolved.