Multiple Choice Questions

1) Often the first signs of neurological disorders are deficits in basic cognitive functions and also deficits in skills that involve problem-solving, planning and engaging in goal-directed behaviour. These types of functions are known as

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Correct! Executive Functioning: Processes that are involved in planning and attentional controlIncorrect.
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2) If an individual suffers a traumatic event and has a neurological disorder that means they may be unable to recall anything from the moment of the injury or to retain memories of recent events. This is known as:

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Correct! Anterograde amnesia: Memory loss for information acquired after the onset of amnesia.Incorrect.
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3) In the 2000 film "Memento" the lead character, Leonard is unable to form new memories as a result of an earlier head injury caused by an assailant. This is known as:

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Correct! Anterograde memory dysfunction: Memory loss for information acquired after the onset of amnesia.Incorrect.
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4) One of the most common features of neurological disorders are Language deficits and are collectively known as

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Correct! Aphasia: A speech disorder resulting in difficulties producing or comprehending speech.Incorrect.
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5) The production of incoherent, jumbled speech is known as

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Correct! Fluent aphasia: The production of incoherent, jumbled speechIncorrect.
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6) If an individual has an inability to initiate speech or respond to speech with anything other than simple words is known as

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Correct! Nonfluent aphasia: An inability to initiate speech or respond to speech with anything other than simple wordsIncorrect.
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7) When an individual has a disruption of the ability to speak is known generally as

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Correct! Broca's aphasia: Disruption of the ability to speak consisting of difficulties with word ordering, finding the right word and articulation.Incorrect.
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8) When an individual displays a deficit in the comprehension of speech involving difficulties in recognising spoken words and converting thoughts into words is known as

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Correct! Wernicke's aphasia: A deficit in the comprehension of speech involving difficulties in recognising spoken words and converting thoughts into words.Incorrect.
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9) When the individual is be unable to recognise everyday objects and name them correctly, this is known as

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Correct! Agnosia: The loss of the ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss.Incorrect.
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10) A Neurological disorder that is characterised by impairments in motor performance and coordination are known as

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Correct! Apraxia: Loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned (familiar) movements, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements.Incorrect.
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11) One of the most widely used tests of executive functioning is the:

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Correct! Wisconsin card sorting task: A widely used test of executive functioning where individuals must sort cards for a number of trials using one rule (e.g. colour) and then sort cards using a different rule (e.g. shape).Incorrect.
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12) In the UK, two tests of speed of information processing, verbal memory tests (list learning and story recall), and visual memory tests (design learning and figure recall) is known as:

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Correct! Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery (AMIPB): A neuropsychological test in wide use in the UK, comprising two tests of speed of information processing, verbal memory tests (list learning and story recall), and visual memory tests (design learning and figure recall).Incorrect.
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13) In the United States of America one most common neuropsychological tests used is known as:

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Correct! Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: One of the common neuropsychological tests used in the US, compiled to evaluate brain and nervous system functioning across a fixed set of eight tests.Incorrect.
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14) Executive Functions: involve problem-solving, planning, initiative, organising, and they monitor and inhibit complex behaviours. These functions are normally associated with which area of the brain?

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Correct! Prefrontal cortex: The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.Incorrect.
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15) The diagnostic manual used by clinicians called DSM-IV-TR identifies two broader diagnostic syndromes into which many neurological disorders fall. Dementia is one which is characterised by which of the following:

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Correct! Dementia: The development of multiple cognitive deficits that include memory impairment and at least one other specific deficit.Incorrect.
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16) In most cases, when diagnosing a neurological disorder such as dementia, the clinician will endeavour to classify it according to its cause. Which of the following is a specific cause that has been identified?:

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Correct! Alzheimer’s Disease: A slowly progressive form of dementia involving progressive impairments in short-term memory, with symptoms of aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia, together with evidence of impaired judgments, decision-making and orientation.Incorrect.
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17) Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Encephalitis which refers to infections that cause an inflammation of the brain resulting from the direct infection of the brain by a virus:

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Correct! Encephalitis: Infections that cause an inflammation of the brain resulting from the direct infection of the brain by a virus.Incorrect.
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18) Meningitis refers to that class of infections that cause inflammation of the meninges. Which Part of the brain does this refer to?

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Correct! Meningitis: The class of infections that cause inflammation of the meninges (the membranous covering of the brain and spinal cord). Symptoms include fever, headache, drowsiness, stiffness in the neck, irritability and cognitive impairments such as memory deficits.Incorrect.
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19) Sometimes the impairments caused by an infection are minor, but if the sufferer is hosting the virus over many years it may induce multiple symptoms of motor and cognitive dysfunction and create a syndrome of impairment that is known as:

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Correct! HIV dementia: A syndrome of impairment involving multiple symptoms of motor and cognitive dysfunction, sometimes known as AIDS dementia complex (ADC) or HIV-1 associated dementia (HAD).Incorrect.
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20) Which of the following is a less disabling form of HIV dementia?

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Correct! Minor Cognitive Motor Disorder (MCMD): A form of HIV dementia consisting of memory loss and the reduction of cognitive and computational functions.Incorrect.
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21) A fatal infectious disease known as: "Mad cow disease" is medically known as:

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Correct! Spongiform Encephalopathy: A fatal infectious disease that attacks the brain and central nervous system. Commonly known as "mad cow disease" or Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD).Incorrect.
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22) Early symptoms of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) include changes in mood, temperament and behaviour followed by impairments in memory and concentration, and confused thinking. The infectious agent in vCJD is thought to be which of the following?

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Correct! Prion: An abnormal, transmissible agent that is able to induce abnormal folding of normal cellular proteins in the brain, leading to brain damage. A major contributing factor in Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD).Incorrect.
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23) Executive functioning involves the integrated use of several cognitive processes by which people problem-solve, plan, initiate, organise and monitor goal-directed activities. Deficits in this collection of integrated skills involves which kind of training:

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Correct! Goal Management Training (GMT): A procedure that involves training in problem-solving to help evaluate a current problem, followed by specification of the relevant goals, and partitioning of the problem-solving process into sub-goals or steps.Incorrect.
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24) A technique that has proven to be helpful in training individuals with amnesia, where people are prevented – as far as possible – from making any errors while learning a new skill or new information is known as:

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Correct! Errorless Learning: A training procedure used in training individuals with amnesia where people are prevented – as far as possible – from making any errors while learning a new skill or new information.Incorrect.
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25) A treatment designed to aid production and comprehension of speech is known as group communication treatment. A study by Elman & Berstein-Ellis (1999) showed:

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Correct! Group Communication Treatment: A form of treatment that is used in the production and comprehension of speech, focusing on increasing initiation of conversation and exchanging information using whatever communication means possible.Incorrect.
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26) Impairments in language and communication may manifest in a variety of ways, including deficits in the production of speech (e.g. fluent aphasia), an inability to comprehend or understand speech, and an inability to initiate speech (e.g. nonfluent aphasia). A treatment used with aphasic patients required to communicate without gesturing or pointing is known as:

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Correct! Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT): A technique used with aphasic patients which involves the mass practice of verbal responses in which the patient may be required to communicate without gesturing or pointing to describe various objects of varying complexity.Incorrect.
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27) In brain injury a severe trauma in which the brain is not just jarred but the impact also causes bruising to the brain is known as:

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Correct!Incorrect.
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28) One way of dealing with memory impairments is to train patients in ways to help store and retrieve items and events to be remembered. One such technique is the use of:

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Correct! Visual Imagery Mnemonics: A technique for teaching remembering strategies in order to help store and retrieve items and events to be remembered.Incorrect.
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29) Apraxia involves an inability to undertake learned and purposeful activities such as dressing, cooking etc., and means that sufferers must rely increasingly on caregivers to help with these activities. Limb apraxia is a common symptom of left hemisphere damage and consists of a deficit in performing gestures to verbal command or imitation. One form of rehabilitation training for limb apraxia is:

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Correct! Gestural Training: A form of rehabilitation training for limb apraxia in which the client is taught to recognise gestures and postures that are appropriate and in context.Incorrect.
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30) An alternative approach to dealing with attention deficits is not to try and improve attention itself, but to provide the client with some compensatory skills that will allow them to effectively manage their slowed information processing. This is knwn as:

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Correct! Time Pressure Management (TPM: An approach to dealing with attention deficits which aims not to try and improve attention itself, but to provide the client with some compensatory skills that will allow them to effectively manage their slowed information processing.Incorrect.
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