Xiong, S. & Nilsson, C. (1999) The effects of plant litter accumulation on vegetation: a meta-analysis. Journal of Ecology, 87, archive material

Xiong, S. & Nilsson, C. (1999) The effects of plant litter accumulation on vegetation: a meta-analysis. Journal of Ecology, 87, archive material Xiong, S. & Nilsson, C. (1999) The effects of plant litter accumulation on vegetation: a meta-analysis. 87, 984-994.

Appendix 1 The data sources used in the meta-analysis

No.	Source	Locality and latitude	Study method^†	Ecosystem for field study	Duration (no. of seasons)	Germin-ation	Establish-ment	Species richness	Biomass
1	Abbott 1984	Western Australia, 32°24´S	F	Mediterranean Forest	2	x	x
2	Ahlgren & Ahlgren 1981	Minnesota, USA, 46°40´N	G		2	x
3	Beatty & Sholes 1988	New York, USA, 42°30´N	F	Woodland	³ 3			x
4	Bergelson 1990	Washington, USA, 47°40´N	G^‡		³ 3	x	x
5	Carson & Peterson 1990	New Jersey, USA, 40°30´N	F	Old field	£ 1			x	x
6	Chapin et al. 1994	Alaska, USA, 59°N	F & G	Glacier desert, grassland and forest	2 for F, £ 1 for G	x	x
7	Facelli 1994	New Jersey, USA, 40°30´N	F	Old field	£ 1	x	x
8	Facelli & Facelli 1993	New Jersey, USA, 40°30´N	F	Old field	£ 1			x	x
9	Facelli & Pickett 1991b	New Jersey, USA, 40°30´N	F	Old field	£ 1			x	x
10	Fowler 1986	Texas, USA, 30°N	G		£ 1	x	x
11	Fowler 1988	Texas, USA, 30°N	F	Arid grassland	2	x	x
12	Goldberg & Werner 1983	Michigan, USA, 42°30´N	F	Old field	£ 1	x

No.	Source	Locality and latitude	Study method^†	Ecosystem for field study	Duration (no. of seasons)	Germin-ation	Establish-ment	Species richness	Biomass
13	Granéli 1989	South Sweden, 58°20´N	F	Wet grassland	2				x
14	Gross 1984	Ohio, USA, 39°50´N	G		£ 1	x
15	Hamrick & Lee 1987	Kansas, USA, 39°N	G		£ 1	x	x
16	Heady 1956	California, USA, 40°25´N	F	Annual grassland	³ 3				x
17	Hulbert 1969	Kansas, USA, 39°06´N	F	Prairie	£ 1				x
18	Jordan et al. 1990	Chesapeake Bay, USA, 38°51´N	F	Wet grassland	³ 3				x
19	Lowday & Marrs 1992	Breckland, UK, 52°30´N	F	Heathland	³ 3				x
20	Molofsky & Augspur-ger 1992	Barro Colorado island, Panama, 9°N	F & G	Semideciduous forest	£ 1	x	x
21	Monk & Gabrielson 1985	S. Carolina, USA, 33°30´N	F	Old field	2			x	x
22	Peterson & Facelli 1992	Pennsylvania, USA, 40°48´N	G		£ 1	x
23	Schlatterer & Tisdale 1969	Idaho, USA, 44°N	G		£ 1	x

No.

Source

Locality and latitude

Study method^†

Ecosystem for field study

Duration (no. of seasons)

Germin-ation

Establish-
ment

Species richness

Biomass

Selter et al. 1986

California, USA, 39°42´N

Red fir forest,

£ 1

Sheps 1973

California, USA, 36°30´N

G^‡

£ 1

van der Valk 1986

Manitoba, Canada, 50°11´N

Wet grassland

Vãzquez-Yanes & Orozco-Segovia 1992

Veracruz, Mexico, 19°10´N

£ 1

Vãzquez-Yanes et al. 1990

Veracruz, Mexico, 19°10´N

£ 1

Walker & Vitousek 1991

Hawaii, USA, 19°25´N

G^‡

Tropical rainforest

£ 1

Weaver & Rowland 1952

Nebraska, USA, 40°50´N

Prairie grassland

£ 1

Werner 1972

Michigan, USA, 42°40´N

Old field

£ 1

Werner 1975

Michigan, USA, 42°40´N

Old field

£ 1 & 2

Williams & Johnson 1992

Virginia, USA, 37°11´N

Temperate forest

Williams et al. 1990

Virginia, USA, 38°06´N

£ 1

Wilson & Zammit 1992

Canberra, Australia, 35°20´N

Woodlands

^{† F—Field experiment, G—Glasshouse experiment. ^‡There were both G and F studies, but only data from the G study were selected for this meta-analysis.
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