Appendix. Growth form, family (leading four letters), dispersal syndrome, and elevational distribution of all vascular taxa found along the Cerro Grande transect. Average importance values at each elevation are listed for trees only (values sum to 100 when other woody species are included); relative frequencies (percentage of sites occupied, divided by 10) are tabulated for other growth forms. Tree species represented only by individuals < 0.8 dm2 across the entire elevational gradient are indicated by x in each elevational band of occurrence. Families are indicated by the first four letters of familial names. Dispersal syndromes are: bar = barochory (gravity-dispersed, no apparent means of dispersal; or scatter- hoarding by vertebrates); ane = anemochory (wind-dispersed; -p = plumed appendages, -w = winged appendages, d = dust-like seeds; -s = spores); end = endozoochory (fleshy fruits dispersed by vertebrates); epi = ectozoochory (bur-like disseminules dispersed on the outside of vertebrates). Notes in left-hand margin indicate footnotes giving the collector, specimen number, and herbarium for several problematic taxa. Nomenclature otherwise follows Vázquez et al. (1995), which cites specimens from the Sierra de Manantlán for each name. Elevation (m) Species Family Dispersal 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,100 2,200 2,300 2,400 2,500 syndrome Trees Pseudobombax ellipticum BOMB ane-p 1.0 Bursera simaruba BURS end 0.2 Terebinthus acuminata BURS end x Leucaena macrophylla MIMO bar 6.4 2.7 Heliocarpus terebinthinaceus TILI ane-p 10.1 3.7 1.0 0.2 Lysiloma acapulcensis MIMO bar 4.1 3.1 0.5 Stemmadenia tomentosa APOC end 2.9 2.4 0.1 Aralia humilis ARAL bar 1.0 1.3 0.3 Bursera diversifolia BURS end 1.3 1.7 1.9 Eysenhardtia polystachya FABA ane-w 1.5 0.5 Ceiba aesculifolia BOMB ane-p 3.0 2.9 0.5 0.4 Zanthoxylon melanostictum RUTA end 2.3 3.2 0.5 0.2 Alstonia longifolia APOC ane-p 1.2 8.4 Astronium graveolens ANAC end 0.4 Casimiroa watsonii RUTA end 0.3 Cedrela salvadorensis MELI ane-w 0.7 Ficus pertusa MORA end 0.8 Thouinia serrata SAPI ane-w 0.2 Bursera penicillata BURS end x Vitex mollis VERB end x Bursera diversifolia BURS end 1.2 1.6 1.9 Cnidoscolus spinosus EUPH bar 6.0 1.0 Alvaradoa amorphoides SIMA ane-w 2.2 0.9 2.0 1.1 0.8 Euphorbia cotinifolia EUPH bar 10.7 5.5 6.3 11.3 1.5 0.6 Bursera grandifolia BURS end 2.2 3.2 3.8 4.2 0.5 Wimmeria lanceolata CELA ane-w 0.2 0.8 0.4 1.1 Zapoteca tetragona FABA bar x x x x Ficus lapathifolia MORA end 5.3 Randia armata RHAM end 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.1 Bursera bipinnata BURS end 0.2 0.1 Xylosma flexuosum CELA end 1.0 1.0 2.2 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 Leucaena esculenta MIMO bar 5.8 8.5 17.5 10.8 8.1 6.9 Prunus pryonophylla ROSA end 4.5 0.3 1 Rhamnus sp. nov. RHAM end x x Aphanantha monoica ULMA end x x Chiococca alba RUBI end x x Toxicodendron radicans ANAC end x x x x Erythrina lanata subsp. occidentalis FABA bar 0.2 2.3 3.2 0.1 2 Pouzolzia sp. URTI epz 0.6 1.0 7.1 3.5 3.7 0.1 0.1 Lysiloma microphyllum MIMO bar 0.2 2.5 0.7 0.3 1.6 Litsea glaucescens LAUR end 0.5 Thevetia ovata APOC end 0.4 3 Sideroxylon sp. nov. SAPO end 0.2 2.6 2.6 4.1 3.1 Forchhammeria pallida CAPP end 0.1 Stemadenia donnell-smithii APOC end 1.7 Tabernaemontana alba APOC end x Forestiera reticulata OLEA end x Ilex brandegeana AQUI end x Chiococca pachyphylla RUBI end 3.4 8.3 2.7 0.6 Ilex sp.1 AQUI end 2.5 0.9 Prunus serotina ROSA end 0.2 0.7 0.9 1.7 4.3 0.3 Eugenia culminicola MYRT end 0.7 12.2 8.0 Fraxinus uhdei OLEA ane-w 3.5 1.5 1.0 1.8 1.1 Rhacoma managuatillo CELA end 0.1 3.5 Citharexylum glabrum VERB end 0.1 Quercus uxoris FAGA bar 1.5 Osmanthus americanus OLEA end x Clusia salvinii CLUS end 0.9 0.9 3.5 4.9 0.3 Trichilia havanensis MELI end 1.5 0.9 5.5 3.9 2.3 0.5 Picramnia guerrerensis SIMA end 1.8 9.9 8.3 3.5 Myrcianthes fragrans MYRT end 1.0 6.0 0.3 0.1 Zinowiewia concinna CELA ane-w 0.2 4.6 8.5 0.5 Dendropanax arboreus ARAL end 1.5 2.6 1.0 0.1 4 Celastraceae CELA ? 0.1 Trema micrantha ULMA end x Rhacoma eucymosa CELA end x Rapanea jurgensenii MYRS end x Acacia acatlensis MIMO bar 0.6 0.1 Quercus martinezii FAGA bar 0.6 0.1 Perrotettia longistylis CELA end 0.1 0.2 Quercus castanea FAGA bar 4.5 18.6 12.9 27.0 21.9 Oreopanax xalapensis ARAL end 4.1 0.1 5.3 2.7 Garrya laurifolia GARR ane-s 2.7 1.9 1.2 1.4 1.4 0.6 3.2 4.2 Trichilia americana MELI end 0.2 Urera caracasana URTI end x Viburnum hartwegii CAPR end x 5 Liabum sp. nov. ASTE ane-p 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.5 Quercus candicans FAGA bar 0.3 Persea hintonii LAUR end 0.1 0.4 0.9 Ternstroemia lineata THEA bar 1.9 4.4 11.6 14.2 23.4 11.5 Styrax argenteus STYR end 0.5 1.1 3.8 8.4 4.9 7.7 Abies religiosa PINA ane-w 0.2 9.0 Cornus disciflora CORN end 0.3 Pinus pseudostrobus PINA ane-w 0.1 Quercus crassipes FAGA bar 0.6 Quercus laurina FAGA bar 2.3 1.2 3.6 9.1 13.8 Symplocos citrea SYMP end 0.7 5.3 2.9 Comarostaphylis discolor ERIC end 2.8 4.9 Quercus rugosa FAGA bar 0.2 0.6 0.5 2.4 7.2 Clethra vicentina CLET ane-s 1.3 4.5 Cornus excelsa CORN end 0.1 0.4 Ilex tolucana AQUI end x x Arbutus xalapensis ERIC end 3.1 Ceanothus coeruleus RHAM end 0.3 Salix paradoxa SALI ane-p 0.3 Cercocarpus macrophyllus ROSA ane-p x Bocconia frutescens PAPA end x Shrubs Calliandra bijuga MIMO bar 5 Abutilon ellipticum MALV bar 5 Croton flavescens EUPH bar 5 Acacia angustissima MIMO bar 5 Galphimia glauca MALP bar 5 Tecoma stans BIGN ane-w 10 Crotalaria cajanifolia FABA bar 10 Lantana hirta VERB end 10 Ruellia novogaliciana ACAN bar 10 10 Lantana achyranthifolia VERB end 5 10 Solanum ferrugineum SOLA end 5 5 5 Priva aspera VERB epz 5 Lantana urticifolia VERB end 5 Simsia amplexicaule ASTE epz 5 Eupatorium odoratum ASTE ane-p 10 Lantana camara VERB end 10 10 5 2 Acalypha filipes EUPH bar 10 10 10 10 2 Dahlia coccinea ASTE bar 5 10 5 5 2 Phenax hirtus URTI ane-s 10 10 10 5 4 Cordia spinescens BORA end 5 2 Chusquea liebmannii POAC bar 5 10 10 10 2 Croton ciliato-glandulifera EUPH bar 10 10 5 10 4 Psychotria sp. (vel aff.) RUBI bar 5 Lantana velutina VERB end 5 Chamaedorea pochutlensis AREC end 10 Vernonia serratuloides ASTE ane-p 5 2 Calliandra houstoniana MIMO bar 10 5 10 6 Bernardia mexicana EUPH bar 5 2 Foeniculum vulgare APIA bar 10 10 10 10 8 2 Montanoa bipinnatifida ASTE bar 10 10 10 10 8 2 Hamelia patens RUBI end 0 10 10 10 2 2 6 Rubiaceae RUBI ? 5 2 Zapoteca formosa MIMO bar 5 Bunchosia palmeri MALP end 5 Lasianthaea fruticosa ASTE epz 10 5 5 5 2 6 Perezia fruticosa ASTE ane-p 10 10 10 10 8 10 6 2 Solanum aphyodendron SOLA end 5 5 10 2 Lasiacis ruscifolia POAC bar 5 10 2 Senna foetidissima CAES end 2 Coulterophytum jaliscense APIA bar 2 Hyptis mutabilis LAMI epz 5 4 8 Malpighia ovata MALP end 10 2 Verbesina sphaerocephala ASTE epz 10 10 10 4 6 2 Bouvardia standleyana RUBI ane-w 2 8 Abutilon trisulcatum MALV bar-c 5 5 0 2 4 6 Malvaviscus arboreus MALV end 2 2 Stevia subpubescens ASTE epz 2 Vernonia steetzii ASTE ane-p 2 Solanum grayi SOLA end 4 Montanoa karvinskii ASTE bar 4 Russelia cuneata SCRO bar 5 10 5 10 8 10 8 10 8 Salvia purpurea LAMI bar 10 10 6 2 Salvia santanae LAMI bar 10 5 5 10 10 10 8 10 10 8 Cuphea watsoniana LYTH bar 10 4 8 8 2 Solanum aligerum SOLA end 4 6 10 0 0 2 Baccharis multiflora ASTE ane-p 0 6 10 2 0 Euphorbia schlechtendalii EUPH bar 5 4 10 10 10 10 Eupatorium sp. 2 ASTE ane-p 10 4 2 Piper pseudolindenii PIPE end 2 Salvia thirsiflora LAMI bar 2 Rhodosciadum pringlei APIA bar 4 Datura stramonium SOLA end 4 Rondeletia manantlanensis RUBI bar 10 Eupatorium pazcuarense ASTE ane-p 10 10 10 10 10 2 2 Fuchsia cylindracea ONAG end 5 10 6 10 8 4 2 8 8 Lippia umbellata VERB bar 6 8 6 6 Solanum nigricans SOLA end 6 4 10 4 4 Montanoa andersonii ASTE bar 2 10 10 10 2 Solanum douglasii SOLA end 2 Salvia vazquezii LAMI bar 10 8 8 8 10 10 10 Senecio angulifolia ASTE ane-p 2 6 8 10 8 6 4 Salvia iodantha LAMI bar 2 Berberis moranensis BERB end 4 Salvia mexicana LAMI bar 2 2 4 10 8 8 Verbesina klattii ASTE epz 2 Senecio albonervius ASTE ane-p 10 10 Vines Matelea crenata ASCL ane-p 10 Schizocarpum palmeri CUCU bar 10 Matelea quirosii ASCL ane-p 5 Heteropterys sp. MALP ane-w 5 Desmodium serycophyllum FABA bar 5 Marsdenia mexicana APOC ane-p 10 5 Centrosema plumieri FABA bar 10 5 Heteropterys laurifolia MALP ane-w 10 5 Canavalia villosa FABA bar 5 5 Matelea pavonii ASCL ane-p 10 10 Desmodium skinneri FABA bar 10 10 Nissolia leiogyne FABA ane-w 10 10 Tetrapterys mexicana MALP ane-w 10 10 Dioscorea mexicana DIOS ane-d 5 10 Cissampelos pareira MENI end 10 5 10 Nissolia fruticosa FABA ane-w 5 Sicyos longisepalus CUCU epz 5 Prestonia mexicana APOC ane-p 5 7 Matelea sp. ASCL ane-p 5 Vigna strobilophora FABA bar 10 Melampodium americanum ASTE bar 10 10 5 5 Rhynchosia discolor FABA bar 10 5 10 5 Tournefortia volubilis BORA end 10 5 5 2 Dioscorea cymosula DIOS ane-d 10 10 10 10 Dioscorea remotiflora DIOS ane-d 10 10 10 10 Solanum dulcamaroides SOLA end 10 5 2 Cyclanthera dissecta CUCU bar 10 10 5 5 4 Gouania polymorpha SAPI ane-w 10 10 10 10 4 Passiflora filipes PASS end 5 5 Parthenocissus quinquefolia VITA end 10 10 10 Syngonium neglectum ARAC end 5 Dioscorea sp. (c. de puerco) DIOS ane-d 5 Nissolia laxior FABA ane-w 10 5 10 10 4 Solanum refractum SOLA end 10 10 10 10 6 Ibervillea maxima CUCU end 10 10 10 5 10 Melothria pringlei CUCU end 10 10 10 10 10 Gaudichaudia cynanchoides MALP ane-w 10 10 10 10 10 Passiflora jorullensis PASS end 5 5 Passiflora foetida PASS end 5 5 Serjania psilophylla SAPI ane-w 5 10 10 10 10 Dioscorea convolvulacea DIOS ane-d 10 10 5 10 10 8 6 Iresine angustifolia AMAR bar 5 10 10 10 8 Cynanchum ligulatum CUCU ane-p 10 5 10 10 10 10 8 2 Drymaria alsinoides CARY ane-s 2 Amphilophium paniculatum BIGN ane-w 8 Alloispermum colimense ASTE epz 10 10 10 Rhus toxicodendron ANAC end 2 8 Unknown, perfoliate lvs. ? ? 2 Passiflora podadenia PASS end 2 Sarcostemma clausum ASCL ane-p 2 Matelea chrysantha ASCL ane-p 2 Alloispermum scabrum ASTE epz 4 Passiflora exsudans PASS end 5 4 10 8 4 2 Vitis tilifolia VITA end 5 5 10 10 6 10 10 10 2 6 Phaseolus lunatus FABA bar 5 5 10 10 10 10 6 Solandra maxima SOLA end 5 10 10 10 10 2 Desmodium ambiguum FABA bar 5 8 4 4 8 6 2 2 Clematis rhodocarpa RANU ane-p 5 5 5 6 10 8 10 8 10 4 Gonolobus macranthus ASCL ane-p 2 4 6 Galium mexicanum RUBI epz 4 8 8 8 9 Passiflora sp. PASS end 5 6 6 8 6 Eupatorium odoratum ASTE ane-p 10 10 8 10 Gonolobus sp. ASCL ane-p 2 Gouania stipularis SAPI ane-w 2 Celastrus pringlei CELA end 4 10 10 10 8 10 8 Liabum broomeae ASTE ane-p 8 8 2 4 Smilax moranensis LILI end 2 8 10 10 10 10 6 11 Metastelma sp. ASCL ane-p 4 6 2 4 4 Archibaccharis schiedeana ASTE ane-p 4 6 8 10 10 8 8 Cunila pycnantha LAMI bar 6 10 10 10 6 6 Terrestrial herbs Cheilanthes adiantifolia ADIA ane-s 5 Rauvolfia tetraphylla APOC end 5 Eupatorium diversifolium ASTE ane-p 5 Euphorbia graminea EUPH bar 5 Euphorbia ocymoydes EUPH bar 5 Dalea sp. FABA bar 5 Axonopus compresus POAC bar 5 Asplenium pumilum ASPL ane-s 5 Eupatorium polybotryum ASTE ane-p 5 Echeandia mcvaughii LILI bar 5 Hemionitis subcordata ADIA ane-s 5 Thalictrum pringlei RANU ane-p 5 Spermacoce assurgens RUBI bar 5 Elytraria imbricata ACAN bar 10 12 Ruellia sp. ACAN bar 10 DenNstaedtia distenta DENN ane-s 10 Paspalum sp. POAC bar 10 Physalis nicandroides SOLA end 10 Tagetes erecta ASTE epz 10 5 Euphorbia dentata EUPH bar 10 5 Lopezia racemosa ONAG bar 10 5 Loeselia amplectens POLE bar 5 5 Oxalis sp. 1 OXAl bar 5 5 Adiantum patens ADIA ane-s 10 10 Tithonia tubaeformis ASTE epz 10 10 Begonia calderonii BEGO ane-d 10 10 Zygadenus virescens LILI bar 10 10 Pilea microphylla URTI bar 10 10 Peperomia molithrix PEPE end 5 5 Cuphea michoacana LYTH bar 10 10 5 Borreria laevis RUBI bar 5 Cheilanthes sp. 2 ADIA ane-s 5 Cynoglossum pringlei BORA epz 5 Dyschoriste angustifolia ACAN bar 5 Henrya insularis ACAN bar 5 Asteraceae 1 ASTE ? 5 Hexadesmia reedii ORCH ane-d 5 Tripsacum dactyloides POAC bar 5 Bouvardia loeseneriana RUBI ane-w 10 Tripsacum zopilotense POAC bar 10 Cheilanthes beitellii ADIA ane-s 10 5 5 5 Begonia sp. 3 BEGO ane-d 10 5 5 5 Oxalis sp. 3 OXAl bar 10 10 2 Bommeria pedata ADIA ane-s 10 10 5 2 Sisyrinchium palmeri IRID bar 5 10 2 13 Lycianthes sp. SOLA end 5 5 5 5 Eupatorium oerstedianum ASTE ane-p 10 10 10 10 Lasiacis nigra POAC bar 10 10 10 10 Panicum arundinariae POAC bar 10 10 10 10 14 Cheilanthes sp. ADIA ane-s 5 5 Porophyllum punctatum ASTE ane-p 10 10 5 5 2 Ipomoea cuernavacensis CONV bar 5 5 5 15 Perymenium sp. ASTE bar 5 10 Oxalis sp. 2 OXAl bar 10 10 10 10 2 Tigridia meleagris IRID bar 10 5 4 Psacalium sessilifolium ASTE ane-p 10 10 5 Selaginella pallescens SELA ane-s 5 10 10 10 2 Rhynchospora aristata CYPE bar 5 5 5 Crusea megalocarpa RUBI bar 10 10 10 5 2 Solanum bulbocastanum SOLA end 5 10 10 Begonia monophylla BEGO ane-d 10 10 5 8 Bonplandia geminiflora POLE bar 10 10 10 10 10 16 Tradescantia sp. COMM bar 5 5 17 Dryopteris sp. ASPL ane-s 5 5 Hymenocallis acutifolia LILI ane-s 5 10 10 10 8 2 Thalictrum strigillosum RANU ane-p 10 10 5 10 8 4 Eupatorium sp. 3 ASTE ane-p 5 5 10 10 6 Drymaria cordata CARY bar 10 10 10 8 2 Dryopteris sp. ASPL ane-s 10 10 4 Selaginella porphyrospora SELA ane-s 5 10 10 10 8 2 2 Malaxis rosilloi ORCH ane-d 5 18 Asplenium sp. ASPL ane-s 5 Senecio guadalajarensis ASTE ane-p 5 Solanum candidum SOLA end 5 Pseuderanthemum sp. ACAN bar 5 Eupatorium sp. 5 ASTE ane-p 5 Jaegueria hirta ASTE bar 5 19 Acanthaceae ACAN bar 5 Begonia sp. 2 BEGO ane-d 5 Salvia lavanduloides LAMI bar 5 Bidens squamosa ASTE epz 5 5 10 6 Ipomoea purpurea CONV bar 10 10 5 5 10 10 2 Pellaea ovata ADIA ane-s 5 10 4 2 Peperomia campilotropa PEPE end 5 5 5 0 10 10 Begonia sp. 4 BEGO ane-d 10 5 10 4 Achimenes longiflora GESN bar 10 10 10 10 10 2 8 4 Commelina coelestis COMM bar 10 5 5 6 Asplenium cuspidatum ASPL ane-s 10 5 10 8 Sida acuta MALV bar 5 2 Campyloneuron angustifolium POLY ane-s 5 10 2 Asteraceae 2 ASTE ? 5 5 2 2 20 Physalis sp. SOLA end 5 10 2 Acalypha langiana var. vigens EUPH bar 2 Eupatorium atrocordatum ASTE ane-w 2 Asplenium myapterum ASPL ane-s 2 Begonia balmisiana BEGO ane-d 4 Amaranthus polygonoides AMAR bar 4 Daucus montanus APIA bar 8 Blechnum occidentale BLEC ane-s 10 8 Tradescantia polliae COMM bar 5 2 Malaxis rosei ORCH ane-d 2 2 Bomarea hirtella LILI end 10 10 5 10 10 10 6 Tradescantia commelinoides COMM bar 5 5 10 10 10 10 4 Arisaema macrospathum ARAC end 10 5 10 10 10 10 6 2 Asplenium sp. 3 ASPL ane-s 2 10 Bouvardia multiflora RUBI ane-w 10 10 10 10 10 8 Acalypha cincta EUPH bar 5 5 5 5 10 4 4 8 6 Marina sp. FABA bar 2 Periptera punicea MALV bar 2 Eupatorium nelsonii ASTE ane-p 2 Alloispermum integrifolium ASTE epz 2 Cyperus mutisii CYPE bar 2 Didymaea floribunda RUBI end 2 21 Arenaria sp. CARY bar 2 Eupatorium conspicuum ASTE ane-w 2 Gesneriaceae GESN bar 4 Urtica urens URTI bar 4 Solanum stenophyllidium SOLA end 6 Thelypteris hispidula THEL ane-s 8 Cheilanthes farinosa ADIA ane-s 5 10 5 6 4 8 4 6 Habenaria novemfida ORCH ane-d 10 10 10 10 2 8 8 4 6 8 22 Pilea sp. URTI bar 5 10 10 10 8 10 8 10 Muhlenbergia pusilla POAC bar 10 10 5 10 4 2 10 23 Spiranthes sp. ORCH ane-d 5 5 4 2 6 24 Asplenium sp. ASPL ane-s 10 5 2 8 10 6 25 Asplenium sp. ASPL ane-s 5 10 5 5 8 8 2 2 4 2 8 Senecio stochadiformis ASTE ane-p 6 10 4 Crotalaria longirostrata FABA bar 10 10 2 6 10 10 Solanum americanum SOLA end 4 6 Adiantum poiretii ADIA ane-s 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 6 8 Oxalis alpina OXAl bar 8 8 6 6 6 Solanum clarum SOLA end 10 8 10 10 6 Hybanthus attenuatus VIOL bar 10 10 5 10 2 10 10 8 6 4 Malaxis corymbosa ORCH ane-d 5 5 10 10 10 8 4 6 10 6 8 Donnellsmithia juncea APIA bar 2 Poaceae POAC bar 2 Dryopteris wallichiana ASPL ane-s 2 Nicandra physaloides SOLA end 2 Saracha jaltomata SOLA end 2 Russelia jaliscana SCRO bar 2 Bidens aequisquama ASTE epz 2 Stachys agraria LAMI bar 8 10 10 10 10 Peperomia hispidula PEPE end 10 10 6 2 10 10 6 8 2 Crusea longiflora RUBI bar 5 2 10 4 Malaxis sp. 1 ORCH ane-d 2 2 2 Loeselia mexicana POLE bar 2 2 Didymaea alsinoides RUBI end 6 10 10 10 2 Asplenium monanthes ASPL ane-s 8 10 8 10 6 10 6 Asplenium sp. 5 ASPL ane-s 5 10 5 10 10 8 10 8 Asplenium praemorsum ASPL ane-s 5 10 4 8 6 10 8 10 10 26 Peperomia sp. PEPE end 8 2 4 4 Polypodium subpetiolatum POLY ane-s 8 10 8 Solanum nigrescens SOLA end 2 Nephrolepis occidentalis DAVI ane-s 2 Eupatorium mairetianum ASTE ane-p 2 Ponthieva ephipium ORCH ane-d 2 27 Peperomia sp. 1 PEPE end 2 28 Peperomia sp. 3 PEPE end 5 10 10 10 4 2 Peperomia galioides PEPE end 4 10 10 8 8 10 8 Lobelia laxiflora LOBE ane-d 8 6 2 4 Govenia superba ORCH ane-d 4 4 2 6 4 Lepechinia caulescens LAMI epz 2 2 2 Sida glabra MALV bar 2 Scutellaria coerulea LAMI bar 2 Loeselia glandulosa POLE epz 2 Lobelia xalapensis LOBE ane-d 2 Malaxis pollardii ORCH ane-d 2 Cirsium sp. ASTE ane-p 2 Asplenium auriculatum ASPL ane-s 4 Verbena carolina VERB bar 4 Arenaria lanuginosa CARY bar 2 2 4 6 2 Eupatorium sp. 2 ASTE ane-p 5 2 10 29 Botrychium pseudo-schaffneri OPHI ane-s 5 4 10 6 Asclepias curassavica ASCL ane-p 2 2 Bromus carinatus POAC bar 2 10 8 10 Solanum brachycarpum SOLA end 2 6 2 Solanum hougasii SOLA end 2 Diodia teres RUBI bar 2 Stellaria cuspidata CARY bar 2 4 4 Pteris cretica ADIA ane-s 2 2 Euphorbia macropus EUPH bar 4 Epiphytes Polypodium fuscopetiolatum POLY ane-s 5 5 10 5 Hylocereus ocamponis CACT end 5 5 Oplismenus burmannii POAC bar 10 10 10 10 6 4 2 Encyclia meliosma ORCH ane-d 5 5 10 2 Polypodium polypodioides POLY ane-s 2 Peltapteris peltata ASPL ane-s 2 Epidendrum miserum ORCH ane-d 6 Pleopeltis angusta POLY ane-s 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 Peperomia tetraphylla PEPE end 5 5 10 8 6 Tillandsia schiedeana BROM ane-p 5 5 2 2 Pecluma cupreolepis POLY ane-s 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 2 Solanum morelliforme SOLA end 2 Oncidium sp. 2 ORCH ane-d 2 Oncidium sp. 3 ORCH ane-d 2 Polypodium platylepis POLY ane-s 2 Pleopeltis mexicana POLY ane-s 10 5 5 8 10 8 6 8 Pleurothallis longispicata ORCH ane-d 5 6 2 8 2 Polystichum distans ASPL ane-s 10 10 10 10 4 Oncidium sp. 1 ORCH ane-d 5 6 10 8 4 2 2 2 Isochilus amparoanus ORCH ane-d 5 5 4 4 8 8 6 Mormodes saccata ORCH ane-d 2 Vittaria graminifolia ADIA ane-s 5 5 5 10 8 8 4 8 6 6 Phlebodium aureum POLY ane-s 5 10 10 10 2 8 10 Polypodium madrense POLY ane-s 5 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Tillandsia prodigiosa BROM ane-p 10 5 5 10 8 6 10 10 8 10 Epidendrum longicaule ORCH ane-d 6 6 2 2 4 6 Fuchsia fulgens ONAG end 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 8 Elaphoglossum manantlense ASPL ane-s 2 Elaphoglossum sp. ASPL ane-s 2 Heliocereus luzmariae CACT end 4 6 10 10 10 8 10 Cymbiglossum cervantesii ORCH ane-d 10 10 10 6 6 Elaphoglossum glaucum ASPL ane-s 10 8 10 8 10 Cystopteris fragilis ASPL ane-s 2 Phanerophlebia nobilis ASPL ane-s 2 Phanerophlebia pumila ASPL ane-s 2 Epidendrum longicaule ORCH ane-d 2 Polypodium subpetiolatum POLY ane-s 2 Lycopodium pringlei LYCO ane-s 2 2 Maxillaria variabilis ORCH ane-d 2 2 2 Terrestrial succulents, parasites, and non-photosynthetic species Agave angustifolia AGAV ane-w 5 Phoradendron vernicosum LORA epz 5 Manfreda sp. LILI ane-w 5 Pitcairnia karwinskiana BROM ane-p 5 10 5 5 2 Cladocolea grahamii LORA epz 2 Phoradendron falcatum LORA epz 2 2 6 Corallorhiza maculata ORCH ane-d 2 Herbarium specimens for taxa cited above: 1 Vázquez 5322, IBUG Rhamnus sp. nov. 2 Cochrane 12994, WIS Pouzolzia sp. 3 Vázquez 5323, IBUG Sideroxylon sp. nov. 4 Vázquez 5325, IBUG Celastraceae 5 Vázquez 5326, IBUG Liabum sp. nov. 6 Vázquez s.n. Rubiaceae 7 Cochrane 13201, WIS Matelea sp. 8 Vázquez s.n. Unknown, perfoliate lvs. 9 Leinberger 26 Passiflora sp. 10 Vázquez s.n. Gonolobus sp. 11 Cochrane 12630, WIS Metastelma sp. 12 Vázquez s.n. Ruellia sp. 13 Cochrane 12984, WIS Lycianthes sp. 14 Cochrane 13001, WIS Cheilanthes sp. 15 Vazquez s.n. Perymenium sp. 16 Cochrane 13007, WIS Tradescantia sp. 17 Cochrane 13000, WIS Dryopteris sp. 18 Cochrane 13008b, WIS Asplenium sp. 19 Cochrane, s. n. Acanthaceae 20 Vázquez s.n. Physalis sp. 21 Vázquez 5162 Arenaria sp. 22 Cochrane 12991, WIS Pilea sp. 23 Vázquez s.n. Spiranthes sp. 24 Cochrane 13008a, WIS Asplenium sp. 25 Cochrane 12995a, WIS Asplenium sp. 26 Cochrane 12993, WIS Peperomia sp. 27 Vázquez s.n. Peperomia sp. 1 28 Vázquez s.n. Peperomia sp. 3 29 Vázquez s.n. Botrychium pseudo-schaffneri