I.W. Watson et al.
(1997b). Continuous and episodic demography. Appendix 5
| The set of published references from which data for Appendices 1, 2, 3 & 4 were compiled. The complete reference list is given in Appendix 6. All references refer to studies of the population dynamics of arid zone shrubs (i.e. shrubs, trees, cacti and other succulents but not grasses) from areas receiving less than about 400 mm rainfall annually. Six-letter species codes are used where a single reference contains data for multiple species, containing different categories of data. 'OK' = Data used in Appendices 1 to 4. 'X' = Recruitment or mortality definitely not observed (Appendix 3). The non use of data in Appendices 1 to 4 does not imply any criticism of the original work, rather that it was not possible to include the data in these four Appendices for the following reasons. 'A' = Not recorded in sufficient frequency or sufficiently often or not presented in sufficient detail to allow accurate summary. 'COV' = All sampling occasions covered by other year categories. 'DESC' = Descriptive or observational data only. 'DIST' = Studies that included profound disturbance such as fire, mechanical clearing or mechanised regeneration. 'ND' = (mortality episode only) Dry years noted by the author but not labelled a drought. 'n/a' = Data not applicable for a particular category due to study design. 'NM' = (mortality episode only) No drought noted by the author(s). 'NR' = (recruitment episode only) No recruitment episode noticeable from the data. 'RE' = Data summaries taken from a subsequent publication of the same site. 'SR' = Not included in tables but see Results for a summary. 'SL' = Species was too short-lived to be included in the review tables. 'SSS' = Sample size too small to make a reliable judgement. 'SZS' = Size structure of the population used to infer population dynamics. Studies that examined population dynamics, but not longitudinally, were not considered for inclusion (e.g. Osborn et al. 1932; Hacker 1984; Friedel 1985). | |||||
| Reference (see Appendix 6) | App. 1
Mortality Episode | App. 2 Recruitment Episode | App. 3 Recruitment Background | App. 3 Mortality Background | App. 4 Seedling Studies |
| Trumble & Woodroffe (1954); Walker (1976); Gardiner (1984; 1986a; 1986b); Eldridge et al. (1990) (ATRVES) | OK | OK | OK | OK | n/a |
| Cunningham & Walker (1973); Eldridge et al. (1990) (MARAST); Turner (1990) (CARGIG Table 4; CERSPP Table 3; LARTRI Table 2); Toft (1995) | OK | NR | OK | OK | n/a |
| Hall et al. (1964)1 (CASSTU) | OK | OK | SR | A | n/a |
| Chambers & Norton (1993) | OK | COV | COV | COV | n/a |
| Crisp (1975, 1978)1 (ATRVES); Milthorpe (1978) | OK | A | OK | OK | n/a |
| Andrew & Lange (1986); Goldberg & Turner (1986)2; Bowers et al. (1995) | OK | A | A | A | n/a |
| Hall et al. (1964)1 (ACAANE; CASCRI; ERESTU; HETOLE; MYOPLA) | OK | NR | SR | A | n/a |
| Crisp & Lange (1976)1 | OK | NR | SZS | X | n/a |
| Crisp (1975, 1978)1 (ACAANE; MARSED); Eldridge et al. (1990) (MARPYR) | OK | NR | X | OK | n/a |
| Hall et al. (1964)1 (ATRVES) | A | OK | OK | OK | n/a |
| Hall et al. (1964)1 (ATRSTI) | A | OK | SR | A | n/a |
| Silander (1983)1 | A | A | OK | OK | n/a |
| Buffington & Herbel (1965); Hennessy et al. (1983); Burrows et al. (1985); O'Connor & Roux (1995) | A | A | A | A | n/a |
| Hall et al. (1964)1 (ACABUR; MARSED) | A | NR | SR | A | n/a |
| Carter (1964); Lange & Purdie (1976); Austin & Williams (1988) (CALGLA); | DESC | DESC | DESC | DESC | n/a |
| Moore (1973); French & Potter (1975); Vasek (1980); Harrington (1991) | DIST | DIST | DIST | DIST | n/a |
| Hodgkinson (1991)3 | n/a | A | A | n/a | n/a |
| Sheps (1973); Read (1995) | n/a | A | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Booth (1986) | n/a | n/a | A | A | n/a |
| Auld (1995b) (CASPAU) | n/a | n/a | A | n/a | n/a |
| Ackerman; (1979); Auld (1990; 1993; 1995a) (1995b ACALIG); Grice & Westoby (1987); Johnston (1968); Jordan & Nobel (1979; 1981); O'Connor 1995; Owens & Norton (1989; 1992); Wiegand et al. (1995)4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | OK |
| Milton (1995) | n/a | NR | RE | RE | n/a |
| Shreve (1917)2; Shreve (1929)2; Shreve & Hinckley (1937)2; Burrows (1973a)3; Fatchen (1978); Norton (1978); Davies & Walsh (1979); Harrington (1979)3; West (1979); Beatley (1980) | NM | A | A | A | n/a |
| West et al. (1979) | NM | A | OK | OK | n/a |
| Owens & Norton (1990) | NM | n/a | n/a | OK | n/a |
| Hodgkinson (1979) (ERESPP) | NM | n/a | n/a | A | n/a |
| Booth & Barker (1981) (ACAANE; CASERM) | NM | NR | A | A | n/a |
| Reid et al. (1992) | NM | NR | n/a | OK | n/a |
| Graetz (1980); Skarpe (1990); Yan et al. (1996)5 | NM | NR | OK | OK | n/a |
| Grice et al. (1993) | NM | NR | X | OK | n/a |
| Booth & Barker (1981) (DODATT); Burrows (1973b; 1974)3 | NM | OK | A | A | n/a |
| Hunt (1995)6 | ND | OK | OK | OK | |
| Wilson et al. (1969) | ND | A | A | OK | n/a |
| Wilcox (1974) | ND | NR | OK | OK | n/a |
| Hodgkinson (1979)7 (ACAANE) | RE | n/a | n/a | RE | n/a |
| Osborn et al. (1935)1; Wood (1936)1; Eldridge & Westoby (1991)8 | RE | RE | RE | RE | n/a |
| Austin & Williams (1988) (SCLBIR) | SL | SL | SL | SL | n/a |
| Hall et al. (1964) (CASNEM) | SSS | NR | SR | A | n/a |
| Turner (1990)9 (ENCFAR Table 7; PROSPP Table 5) | SSS | OK | COV | COV | n/a |
| Hall et al. (1964) (ERELON; ERESCO; EUCACU; Others); Goldberg & Turner (1986)2; 10 (29 Others); Turner (1990)9 (9 Others); Yan et al. (1996) (20 Other species) | SSS | SSS | SSS | SSS | n/a |
| Chew & Chew (1965); Correll & Lange (1966); Barbour (1969); Blackburn & Tueller (1970); Roughton (1972); Schlesinger & Jones (1984); Chesterfield & Parsons (1985); Walker et al. (1986b); Wisniewski & Parsons (1986); Woodell (1990); Auld (1995b) (ACALOD; ALEOLE) | SZS | SZS | SZS | SZS | n/a |
Footnotes, Appendix 5 (Watson et al. 1997b)
1) Koonamore (T.G.B. Osborn) Vegetation Reserve, South Australia.
2) Desert Laboratory, Tumamoc Hill, Arizona, USA.
3) The study also included some disturbed plots which were not considered.
4) Although Wiegand et al. (1995) was a modelling study, germination and establishment rules were derived from empirical studies, e.g. Milton (1995).
5) Recruitment episodes were observed but they did not translate to a sustained population increase, nor were they a sudden increase, being part of a an overall trend of increased numbers on the site.
6) Although a dry period was experienced it was not considered a drought and there was no mass mortality.
7) See also Cunningham & Walker (1973).
8) See also Eldridge et al. (1990).
9) Pre-1960 deaths inferred in Turner's (1990) Tables 5 & 7.
10) Species list included two fern species.