Contributors
Preface
Abbreviations
Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation

Section I: Principles and practice of "critical appraisal"
Chris Williams, Editor

1 Appraising clinical literature in cancer
Chris Williams

2 Finding the "best evidence" for cancer care
Kate Misso, Julie Glanville

3 Understanding the concepts behind health economics
Katharine Johnston

4 Stringent application of epidemiological criteria changes the interpretation of the effects of immunotherapy in advanced renal cell cancer
Franz Porzsolt, Julia Kumpf, Chris Coppin, Ernst Pöppel

Section II: Cancer prevention
Rosalynne Weston, Editor

Preface
Rosalynne Weston

5 Which interventions help individuals to stop smoking?
Tim Lancaster

6 Breast cancer prevention trials
Jack Cuzick

7 Is cancer risk reduced by a health-enhancing diet?
Rosalynne Weston

8 Is cancer risk reduced by the intake or supplementation of retinoids and carotenoids?
Rosalynne Weston

9 Do primary and secondary prevention interventions for sun protection reduce the risk of skin cancers?
Rosalynne Weston

10 Do sunscreens reduce the incidence of skin cancers?
Rosalynne Weston

11 Can lifestyle behaviour change reduce the risk and incidence of urological cancers?
Mike Shelley, Kathryn Burgon, Malcolm Mason

12 What is the role of prophylactic surgery in the prevention of colorectal cancer?
RJ Davies, R Miller

Section III: Screening for cancers
Jack Cuzick, Editor

13 Screening for breast cancer
Stephen W Duffy

14 Cervical screening
Peter Sasieni

15 Screening for prostate cancer
Jane Melia, Sue Moss

16 Screening for ovarian cancer
Usha Menon, D Brinkmann, Steven Skates, Ian Jacobs

17 Screening for colorectal cancer
Wendy Atkin

18 Screening for lung cancer
John K Gohagan, Pamela M Marcus, Richard M Fagerstrom, William C Black, Barnett S Kramer, Paul F Pinsky, Philip C Prorok

19 Screening for stomach cancer
David Forman, Simon Everett, Paul Moayyedi

20 Screening for melanoma
Veronique Bataille

Section IV: Treating tumours of the respiratory system
Xavier Bonfill, Editor

21 Lung cancer
Xavier Bonfill, Alan Neville, Elinor Thompson

22 Malignant pleural mesothelioma
Ferran Ariza, Miquel Mateu, Ramón Rami-Porta, Mireia Serra

Section V: Treating tumours of the gastrointestinal tract
Peter Simmonds, Editor

23 Cancer of the oesophagus
Ian Chau, David Cunningham

24 Gastric carcinoma
Alexandria Phan, Jaffer Ajani

25 Pancreatic cancer
Paula Ghaneh, Conor Magee, John P Neoptolemos

26 Hepatobiliary cancers
Philip J Johnson

27 The treatment of cancers of the small bowel
ER Copson, TJ Iveson

28 The treatment of carcinoma of the colon and rectum
M Michael, JR Zalcberg

29 Treatment of anal cancer
John H Scholefield

Section VI: Treating tumours of the urogenital system
Malcolm Mason, Editor

30 Kidney cancer
Chris Coppin, Franz Porzsolt

31 Cancer of the bladder
Mike Shelley, Howard Kynaston, Trevor Roberts, Jim Barber

32 Cancer of the prostate
Malcolm Mason, Mike Shelley

33 Cancer of the penis
Mike Shelley, Malcolm Mason

34 Testicular germ cell cancer
Mike Shelley, Tim Oliver, Malcolm Mason

Section VII: Treating gynaecological tumours
David Guthrie, Editor

35 Ovarian and fallopian tube cancers
Paul A Vasey

36 Cancer of the uterine corpus
Rebecca L Faulkner, Henry C Kitchener

37 Cancer of the cervix and vagina
RP Symonds

38 Treating vulval cancer
Anca Ansink, Jacobus van der Velden, Lena van Doorn

39 Gestational trophobastic disease
ES Newlands

Section VIII: Treating breast cancer
John F Forbes, Editor

40 Breast cancer
John Forbes, Jack Cuzick, Nicholas Wilcken

Section IX: Treating skin cancer
Hywel C Williams, Editor

41 Cutaneous melanoma
Dafydd Roberts, Thomas Crosby

42 Treatment of basal cell carcinoma
Fiona Bath, William Perkins

43 Squamous cell carcinoma
Nanette J Liégeois, Suzanne Olbricht

44 Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Sean Whittaker

45 Kaposi’s sarcoma
Imogen Locke, Margaret F Spittle

Section X: Treating sarcomas
Vivien Bramwell, Editor

46 Soft tissue sarcoma
Shail Verma

Section XI: Treating central nervous system tumours
Robin Grant, Editor

47 Central nervous system tumours
MJ van den Bent, IR Whittle, Michael Brada, Lesley Stewart, Charles J Vecht

Section XII: Treating cancers of the eye and associated structures
Arun D Singh, Editor

48 Uveal melanoma
Arun D Singh, Paul A Rundle, Ian G Rennie

49 Ocular adnexal and orbital tumours
Santosh G Honavar, Arun D Singh

Index