A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

J5-FU 5-fluorouracil

AA anaplastic astrocytoma

AD dissection of axillary nodes

AFP alpha-fetoprotein

AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome

AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer

AMED Allied and Complementary Medicine Database

AMS atypical mole syndrome

APC adenomatous polyposis coli

APR abdominoperineal resection

AR anterior resection

ASCO American Society of Clinical Oncology

ATLL adult T-cell leukaemia lymphoma


BCC basal cell carcinoma

BED biologically effective dose

BMI Body Mass Index

BNI British Nursing Index

BP breast preservation

BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia

CBA cost-benefit analysis

CCTR Cochrane Controlled Trials Register

CDSR Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

CEA carcinoembryonic antigen

CEA cost-effectiveness analysis

CHART continuous hyperfractionated accelerated

radiotherapy

CHRPE congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment

epithelium

CI confidence interval

CIN cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

CLE complete local excision of the primary tumour

CR cumulative risk

CRC colorectal cancer

CT computerised tomography

CTCL cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

CUA cost-utility analysis

DARE Database of Abstracts of Reviews of

Effects

DCIS duct carcinoma in situ

DDFS distant disease-free survival

DFS disease-free survival

DPD dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase

DRE digital rectal examination

DRS disease-related symptoms

DSS disease-specific survival

EBM evidence-based medicine

EBRT external beam radiotherapy

EBT endobronchial brachytherapy

ECG electrocardiogram

ECP extracorporeal photopheresis

ED&C electrodesiccation and curettage

EFS event-free survival

EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor

ERCP endoscopic cholangiopancreatography

ERM extended radical mastectomy

EUS endoscopic ultrasound

FAMMM familial atypical multiple mole melanoma

FAP familial adenomatous polyposis

FBC full blood count

FNA fine needle aspiration

FOBT faecal occult blood test

GDEPT gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy

GORD gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

GTD gestational trophoblastic disease

HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy

HAI hepatic arterial influsional

HBV hepatitis B virus

HCC hepatocellular carcinoma

hCG human chorionic gonadotrophin

HCV hepatitis C virus

HGG high grade glioma

HHV8 human herpes virus 8

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

HNPCC hereditary non-polyposis colorectal

carcinoma

HPV human papillomavirus

HTA Health Technology Assessment

HTLV-I human T-lymphotrophic virus type-1

IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer

ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio

IFNá interferon alfa

IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor 1

IL-2 interleukin-2

IMH immunohistochemistry

IORT intraoperative radiotherapy

IPD MA individual patient data meta-analyses

IPF independent prognostic factor

IPSID immunoproliferative small intestinal disease

IRA ileorectal anastomosis

KPS Karnofsky Performance Status

KS Kaposi's sarcoma

KSHV KS-associated herpesvirus

LAVH laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy

Lev levamisole

LFT liver function tests

LGG low grade glioma

LHRH luteinising hormone-releasing hormone

LINAC linear accelerator

LLETZ/LEEP large loop excision of the transformation zone

LM lentigo maligna

LMM lentigo maligna melanoma

LPA lysophosphatidic acid

LR local recurrence

LSS limb salvage surgery

LV leucovorin

MALTomas mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas

MeSH Medical Subject Headings

MF/SS mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome

MFH malignant fibrous histiocytoma

MM malignant melanomas

MMP matrix metalloproteinase

MMS Mohs micrographic surgery

MRCP magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

MSI microsatellite instability

MSI-H microsatellite instability - high

NCI National Cancer Institute

NICE National Institute for Clinical Excellence

NMSC non-melanomic skin cancer

NR not reported

NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer

OMNI Organising Medical Networked Information

OR odds ratio

OS overall survival

OSSN ocular surface squamous neoplasia

PA para-aortic

PCI prophylactic cranial irradiation

PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PD progressive disease

PDECGF platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor

PDT photodynamic therapy

PEI percutaneous alcohol injection

PET positron emission tomography

PICO/PIOC population, intervention, comparison and outcome

PJS Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

PORT postoperative radiotherapy

PSA prostate specific antigen

PSTT placental site trophoblastic tumours

PTC percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

PVI portal vein infusion

QALYs quality adjusted life-years

QoL quality of life

Q-TWIST quality adjusted time without symptoms or toxicity

RCC renal cell cancer

RM radical mastectomy

RP radical prostatectomy

RPC restorative proctocolectomy

RR relative risk

SCC squamous cell carcinoma

SCLC small cell lung cancer

SD stable disease

SERM selective oestrogen receptor modulator

SIL squamous intraepithelial lesions

SLNB sentinel lymph node biopsy

SR systematic reviews

SRS stereotactic radiotherapy

SSS sphincter sparing surgery

STS soft tissue sarcoma

TACE transarterial chemoembolisation

Tc-MAA technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin scan

TIMP tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase

TM total mastectomy

TME total mesorectal excision

TNM Tumour, Node, Metastasis classification

TP thymidine phosphorylase

TRUS transrectal ultrasound

TS thymidylate synthase

TSEB total skin electron beam therapy

TUR transurethral resection

U&E urea and electrolytes

VAIN vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia

VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor

WBRT whole brain radiotherapy

WW watchful waiting

XRR external beam radical radiotherapy

XRT external beam radiotherapy

Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation used in
Evidence-based Oncology

Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation appear within the text in the clinical chapters, for example, Evidence Level Ia and Grade A

Levels of evidence

Ia Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs)
Ib At least 1 RCT
IIa At least 1 non-randomised study
IIb At least 1 other well designed quasi-experimental study
III Non-experimental, descriptive studies
IV Expert committee reports or opinions/experience of respected authorities

Grades of recommendations

A. At least one RCT as part of body of literature of overall good quality and consistency addressing recommendation Evidence levels Ia, Ib
B. No RCT but well conducted clinical studies available Evidence levels IIa, IIb, III
C. Expert committee reports or opinions/experience of respected authorities in the absence of directly applicable good quality clinical studies Evidence level IV

From Clinical Oncology(2001)13:S212
Source of data: MEDLINE, Proceedings of the American Society of Medical Oncology(ASCO).