Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem worldwide. Understanding the changes in resistance over time, and how these changes might be linked to antimicrobial usage in particular countries is one of the critical elements in combating resistance. Similarly, understanding the underlying mechanisms by which pathogens express resistance is crucial. Surveillance data can highlight hotspots of resistance and can help to predict future growth in the prevalence of resistance by consideration of resistance data together with antibiotic usage and other relevant factors in specific geographical areas. Assessing the factors that lead to resistance, and the impact of resistance on the individual patient and the community is necessary if antimicrobial resistance is to be adequately addressed. Additionally, comparing countries with a high prevalence of resistance with those that have a lower prevalence of resistance may contribute to understanding the factors driving resistance, and highlighting those efforts which help to prevent the development and spread of resistant organisms. Strategies to overcome resistance are needed if antimicrobials are to retain their usefulness in the clinical environment.