A chronic micro-inflammatory status influences negatively the outcome of the graft in renal transplanted patients (RT). Previous studies suggest that essential fatty acids (EFAs) administration may reduce the inflammation in RT. To investigate the effects of n-3 naturally rich diet on some metabolic and inflammation markers in RT a normocaloric n-3-rich/n-6-poor EFAs diet was prescribed to 15 clinically stable RT (DG) for 6 months. The control group (CG) consisted of 16 RT who mantained their usual diet. Hematochemical and inflammation markers (hs-CRP, IL-6 and its gene expression) were determined at baseline (T0) and after 3 (T3) and 6 (T6) months. No difference was detected at T0 between the Groups. In DG, n-3 intake was increased at T3 and T6 (+110 and +126% vs T0, p<0.001), with a decrease of the n-6/n-3 ratio (-39 and -44% vs T0, p<0.0001) versus baseline; moreover, a significant increase of fiber intake was observed (p<0.01). In DG both hs-CRP and Il-6 were greatly decreased at T3 (both p<0.001 vs T0) and remained significantly lower thereafter; a significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride levels was also observed (both p <0.001 vs T0). Similarly, proteinuria was decreased by >50% either at T3 and T6 (p<0.02 vs T0), in absence of GFR modifications. No change was observed in CG. Our data suggest that a diet naturally rich in n-3 EFAs leads to a significant reduction of the micro-inflammation with beneficial effects on lipid pattern and micro-albuminuria in RT.