Motion information enters the dorsal stream of primates through MT/V5 and V6, concentrating on the central and peripheral visual field respectively, and in humans also V3A. At least four aspects of higher order motion are processed further in the dorsal stream: 3D structure from motion, optic flow (Tanaka et al J Neurosci 1986, Cardin & Smith Cerebral Cortex 2010), observed actions and attention-defined motion (third order motion, Claeys et al Neuron 2003). Comparative fMRI mapping has shown a much larger involvement of human than monkey parietal cortex in extracting 3D shape from motion (Vanduffel et al Science 2002). Single cell studies have shown that many 3D surfaces extracted from motion are saddle-shaped, suggesting a link with action observation as joints seen in certain viewpoints are saddles (Mysore et al J. Neurosci. 2010). Observation of grasping in the monkey activates AIP and PFG ( Nelissen et al J. Neurosci 2011) as expected from single cell studies (Fogassi et al Science 2005), and potentially homologue parietal regions are activated in humans by observing manipulative actions ( Jastorff et al J. Neurophysiol 2010). Further studies have suggested that observing different types of actions activate different parts of parietal cortex, including observing climbing which activates rostral SPL. This in turn suggests that some of the grasping responses recorded in single V6A neurons Fattori et al J Neurosci 2010) may be involved in the control of grasping-to-climb rather than to manipulate.