The main purpose of this talk is to draw the attention to the complex mechanisms that regulate arterial blood pressure. These mechanisms involve peripheral sensors, centres in the central nervous system, cardiovascular nerves, and endothelial and humoral factors. In particular, we will focus on the basis that provide the understanding of the role of the central nervous system in cardiovascular homeostasis and in the changes that occur in developing major modifications in cardiovascular function that accompany, and support, behavioural activities.