Aims: Dietary intake of phosphate (Pi) is a robust and fast regulator of renal reabsorption of Pi. In this study we investigated the effect of short term Pi-depletion on renal gene expression. Methods: Mice maintained on a high Pi-diet were fed with high (1.2%) or low (0.1%) Pi-diet for three hours and after 14 hours kidneys were harvested. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to microarray analysis. Results: At the level of p<0.01, expression of approx. 100 genes was found to be modulated 1.5-fold or more by dietary intake of Pi. Pathway analysis suggests profound effects of dietary Pi on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, strong modulation of expression of the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT14/ SLC16a14 was observed. In whole kidney extracts abundance of the MCT14 protein was altered approx. 2-fold by the different Pi-diets. By immunohistochemistry MCT14 protein was localized at the apical membrane of cells in the thick ascending limb including the macula densa. Transport characteristics of MCT14 still remain to be elucidated. Conclusions: These results suggest that short term changes of dietary Pi intake affects renal gene expression of several metabolic pathways and that MCT14/SLC16a14, both on RNA and protein level, is affected by dietary Pi.