Objective: Redistribution of transmural pressures and flows within the arterial vasculature during chronic antiorthostasis (CA) initiates different alterations of vessels in different anatomic regions. This study was aimed at comparing the effects of 2-week CA on forelimb arteries (median, MA, and deep brachial, DBA) and hindlimb arteries (saphenous, SA, and external suralis, ESA). These small arteries provide blood blow to skin (MA and SA) and skeletal muscle (ESA and DBA). We tested the hypothesis that the effect of CA on the artery depends on the density of its innervation. Methods: To produce CA male Wistar rats were suspended by the tail. After 2 weeks, arterial segments were isolated and mounted in wire myograph for recording their isometric wall tension. Lumen diameter corresponding to transmural pressure of 100 mmHg was estimated from the passive length-tension relationship. Results: Lumen diameter and max response to noradrenaline were greater in MA and DBA, but smaller in ESA, showing outward remodeling in forelimb arteries, but inward remodeling in the artery from hindlimb. Sensitivity of forelimb arteries to noradrenaline (estimated from pD₂) was not affected by CA. Along with that, pD₂ for noradrenaline was reduced in ESA, but increased in SA; supersensitivity of SA persisted after endothelium removal and was observed with application of serotonin, non-adrenergic agent. Using fluorescent microscopy we observed very sparse sympathetic innervation in ESA, but dense innervation in SA. Notable, nerve density in SA was reduced by 21% after CA as compared to control; the disturbance of innervation seem to be the reason for higher vasoconstrictor sensitivity of SA. Conclusions: CA differently affects reactivity of skin and skeletal muscle feed arteries in rat hindlimb. We suggest that arterial remodeling during CA is determined by combined effect of transmural pressure on smooth muscle and intramural nerves. Supported by RFBR (grant 09-04-01701-[acy]).